Chapter 14 Homework

Match the following: "D." A. Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons B. Cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons C. Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord segments T1 through L2 D. Sends information to smooth muscle, glands, or cardiac muscle E. Detects chemical changes, stretch, and irritation of the viscera

A. Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons

Match the following: "A." A. Detects chemical changes, stretch, and irritation of the viscera B. Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord segments T1 through L2 C. Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons D. Cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons E. Sends information to smooth muscle, glands or cardiac muscle

A. Detects chemical changes, stretch, and irritation of the viscera

About ninety percent of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are found in the ___________. A. Oculomotor nerves B. Vagus nerves C. Trigeminal nerves D. Glossopharyngeal nerves E. Facial nerves

B. Vagus nerve

Match the following: "C" A. Fibers originate in the brain (cranium) and sacral spinal cord B. The system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands C. Fibers originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord D. Is always stimulatory

C. Fibers originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Match the following parasympathetic action with its target organ: Excites A. Sweat glands B. Adrenal medulla C. Gallbladder D. Heart

C. Gallbladder

Which of the following is true with regards to localized versus diffuse effects of the autonomic nervous system? A. Parasympathetic activity lasts for quite some time accounting for the duration of sleep B. Acetylcholine has long-lasting and diffuse effects due to the lack of an enzyme to break down the neurotransmitter released from neurons C. Hormones released by teh adrenal medullary cells into the blood required destruction by the liver and thus are relatively long lasting D. Activity of the sympathetic system is highly connected so that bright light dilating the pupils will also lead to and increase in HR

C. Hormones released by the adrenal medullary cells into the blood require destruction by the liver and thus are relatively long lasting

Match the following: "C." A. Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons B. Sends information to smooth muscle, glands, or cardiac muscle C. Detects chemical changes, stretch, and irritation of the viscera D. Cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons E. Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord segments T1 through L2

E. Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord segments T1 through L2

Which letter represents an area where biofeedback studies have shown that voluntary cortical control of visceral activities is possible? While this capability is untapped in most people, this would allow for self control over heart rate and blood pressure A. D B. B C. E D. C E. A

E. A

Match the following: "A" A. A cell body found in the spinal cord B. A cell body found outside the spinal cord but nearby C. A cell body found in a ganglion D. A cell body found on an organ served by the ANS

A. A cell body found in the spinal cord

Name the neurotransmitter released at points A and B in the following figure A. Acetylcholine B. Norepinephrine and epinephrine C. Epinephrine D. Norepinephrine

A. Acetylcholine

Match the following receptors with its target: Muscarinic receptor A. All parasympathetic target organs B. Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle C. All postganglionic neurons D. Adrenal medullary cells E. All sympathetic target organs

A. All parasympathetic target organs

Which letter represents the system that is responsible for widespread and prolonged effects that require time to "come down" from? A. C B. A C. D

A. C

Which letter represents the system that most specifically regulates blood vessel diameter? A. C B. A C. B D. D

A. C

For the levels of ANS control, match the following: "B." A. Emotional responses of the limbic system to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to fight-or-flight status B. Cerebral cortex modifies ANS activity by acting through limbic system structures C. The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS D. Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation E. Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivation, etc.

A. Emotional responses of the limbic system to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to fight-or-flight status

Match the following: "D" A. Fibers originate in the brain (cranium) and sacral spinal cord B. The system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands C. Is always stimulatory D. Fibers originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

A. Fibers originate in the brain (cranium) and sacral spinal cord

Match the following parasympathetic action with its target organ: Decreases activity A. Heart B. Eye C. Adrenal medulla D. Gallbladder

A. Heart

Match the following receptor with its target organ: Beta 1 adrenergic receptor A. Heart B. Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle C. Lungs D. Eccrine sweat glands E. Blood vessels serving the skin, mucosae

A. Heart

Which of the following effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions is true? A. In the lungs, the parasympathetic nervous system constricts bronchioles and the sympathetic nervous system dilates bronchioles B. For the penis, the parasympathetic nervous system cause ejaculation and the sympathetic nervous system causes erection C. In the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates contraction (erects hairs and produces "goosebumps") and the sympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innervation) D. In the gallbladder, the parasympathetic nervous system inhibits (gallbladder is relaxed) and the sympathetic nervous system excites (gallbladder contracts to expel bite)

A. In the lungs, the parasympathetic nervous system constricts bronchioles and the sympathetic nervous system dilates bronchioles

The autonomic nervous system differs from the somatic nervous system in all of the following characteristics except __________. A. Its classification as a branch of the motor (efferent) division of the PNS B. Its effectors C. Its efferent pathways D. Its target organs

A. Its classification as a a branch of the motor (efferent) division of the PNS

Which of the following drugs is properly matches to its clinical application? A. Nicotine and smoking cessation products B. Propranolol and hypotension C. Neostigmine and difficulty urinating D. Sarin and glaucoma

A. Nicotine and smoking cessation products

Which type of fibers belong to white rami communicates? A. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers B. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers C. None of the choices is correct D. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers E. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A. Preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Match the following structure with its anatomical location or composition: Sympathetic trunk ganglia A. Segmented and paired ganglia that lie close to the spinal cord B. Non-paired and non-segmented ganglia that lie anterior to the vertebral column C. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing D. Ganglia that lie close to or within the wall of the target organ

A. Segmented and paired ganglia that lie close to the spinal cord

For which of the following targets is the sympathetic divison the major actor, even at rest? A. Smooth muscle of blood vessels B. Cardiac muscle C. Smooth muscle of digestive tract organs D. Smooth muscles of urinary organs

A. Smooth muscle of blood vessels

Match the following: "A." A. Somatic reflex B. The first link in an autonomic reflex C. Contains two neurons in its motor component D. Send information about chemical changes

A. Somatic reflex

The division of the autonomic nervous system that puts you into "fight-or-flight" mode is the ______________. A. Sympathetic division B. Parasympathetic division C. Cerebral cortical branch D. Somatic branch

A. Sympathetic division

The postganglionic neurons from the otic ganglia innervate which target? A. The parotid salivary gland B. The lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa C. The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands D. The smooth muscle of the eye

A. The parotid salivary gland

Which of the following statements is true? A. The postganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the second motor neuron. Its cell body is in autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ B. The postganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the first motor neuron. Its cell body is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the motor neuron C. The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the first motor neuron. Its cell body is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ D. The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the second motor neuron. Its cell body is in an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ

A. The postganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the second motor neuron. Its cell body is an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, extends to the effector organ

Postganglionic neurons from the ciliary ganglia innervate which target? A. The smooth muscle of the eye B. The lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa C. The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands D. The parotid gland

A. The smooth muscle of the eye

Match the following: "B" A. The system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands B. Is always stimulatory C. Results in a diffuse effect that may last many minutes D. Is also known as the craniosacral division

A. The system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands

Match the following: Submandibular ganglion A. Trauma to the lower jaw may affect this ganglion, found deep to the mandibular angle B. Trauma to the eye may affect this ganglion, which is found in the eye orbit C. Ganglion is located just inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull D. Trauma to the maxilla may affect this ganglion and alter nasal and lacrimal glands

A. Trauma to the lower jaw may affect this ganglion, found deep to the mandibular angle

Match the following autonomic receptor with its neurotransmitter and action: Nicotinic receptor A. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually inhibitory B. ACh; stimulatory C. Norepineprhine or epinephrine; usually excitatory D. ACh; either inhibitory or stimulatory (depending on the receptor subclass)

B. ACh; stimulatory

The glossopharyngeal nerves are responsible for which of the following functions? A. Activating the nasal and lacrimal glands B. Activating the parotid salivary glands C. Activating the submandibular salivary glands D. Focusing the eyes on close objects

B. Activating the parotid salivary glands

Select the effector that does not receive innervation from the parasympathetic division A. Eye B. Adrenal medulla C. Heart D. Gallbladder

B. Adrenal medulla

Which letter represents the specific system that causes the skin to turn red after taking a very warm shower or sitting in a Jacuzzi? A. B B. C C. A D. D

B. C

Match the following: "B." A. Detects chemical changes, stretch, and irritation of the viscera B. Cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons C. Sends information to smooth muscle, glands or cardiac muscle D. Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord segments T1 through L2 E. Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons

B. Cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons

Which of the following would not occur when the parasympathetic system is active? A. Low normal blood pressure B. Cold, sweaty skin C. Gastrointestinal activity D. Constricted pupils E. Eliminating urine

B. Cold, sweaty skin

Match the following parasympathetic action with its target organ: Stimulates muscles A. Heart B. Eye C. Liver D. Adrenal medulla

B. Eye

Match the following: Otic ganglion A. Trauma to the eye may affect this ganglion, which is found in the eye orbit B. Ganglion is located just inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull C. Trauma to the maxilla may affect this ganglion and alter nasal and lacrimal glands D. Trauma to the lower jaw may affect this ganglion, found deep to the mandibular angle

B. Ganglion is located just inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull

Although all body systems contribute, the stability of our internal environment depends largely on the ANS. Thus, the ANS plays a rather large role in __________. A. The principle of complementarity B. Homeostasis C. Organ system interrelationships D. Interactions between different structural levels (atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms)

B. Homeostasis

Which of the following would not take place during exercise or vigorous physical activity? A. Bronchial dilation to increase ventilation B. Increased digestive activity to allow more glucose absorption for energy C. Constriction of visceral blood vessels to supply more blood to the heart and skeletal muscle D. Increased glucose release from the liver to provide increased energy to cells E. Decreased urinary tract motility

B. Increased digestive activity to allow more glucose absorption for energy

Match the following: "A" A. Is also known as the craniosacral division B. Is always stimulatory C. The system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands D. Results in a diffuse effect that may last many minutes

B. Is always stimulatory

Which of the following is correctly matched for heart muscle? A. Parasympathetic has no effect on the heart and sympathetic dilates blood vessels of the heart B. Parasympathetic decreases heart rate and sympathetic increases rate and force of the heartbeat C. Sympathetic decreases heart rate and parasympathetic increase rate of heartbeat D. Parasympathetic decreases heart rate and force of the heartbeat and sympathetic increases rate and force of the heartbeat

B. Parasympathetic decreases heart rate and sympathetic increases rate and force of the heartbeat

Select the effector that is innervated by the vagus nerves A. Ureters B. Small intestine C. Urinary bladder D. Distal half of the large intestine E. All of the choices are innervated by the vagus nerve F. Reproductive organs

B. Small intestine

Nicotinic agents are used in which clinical application? A. Difficulty urinating (increases bladder contraction) B. Smoking cessation products C. Hypertension (decreases blood pressure) D. Asthma (dilates bronchioles)

B. Smoking cessation products

Postganglionic neurons from the submandibular ganglia innervate which target? A. The lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa B. The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands C. The parotid salivary gland D. The smooth muscle of the eye

B. The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

Which of the splanchnic nerves terminates in the adrenal gland? A. The abdominal aortic splanchnic B. The thoracic splanchnic C. The cervical splanchnic D. The sacral splanchnic E. The lumbar splanchnic

B. The thoracic splanchnic

Which is statement is true of the interaction between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems? A. The somatic nervous system assists the autonomic nervous system but the autonomic system does not benefit the somatic system B. The two systems interact closely C. The two systems function independently D. The two systems interact but are carried in separate nerves

B. The two systems interact closely

What is the function of the somatic nervous system? A. To stimulate glandular functions B. To stimulate skeletal muscles C. To signal pain and heat D. To stimulate involuntary muscles

B. To stimulate skeletal muscles

Match the following: "C" A. A cell body of a sympathetic postganglionic motor neuron B. A cell body of a somatic motor neuron C. A cell body of a parasympathetic postganglionic motor neuron D. A cell body of a sympathetic preganglionic motor neuron E. A cell body of a parasympathetic preganglionic motor neuron

C. A cell body of a parasympathetic postganglionic motor neuron

Name the neurotransmitter released at point C is the following figure A. Norepinephrine and epinephrine B. Epinephrine C. Acetylcholine D. Norepinephrine

C. Acetylcholine

With respect to the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, which of the following is matched correctly? A. Sympathetic alone: thermoregulatory response to heat B. Cooperative: external genitalia C. All of the listed responses are matched correctly D. Antagonistic: activity of the heart, respiratory system, and GI system

C. All of the listed responses are matched correctly

Match the following drug that mimics or inhibits adrenergic or cholinergic receptors with its chemical importance: Neostigmine A. A sympathomimetic agent that binds beta 2 recepors dilating the bronchioles; used to treat asthma B. A muscarinic agent; used in the treatment of glaucoma C. An anticholinesterase; used to treat myasthenia gravis D. Reduces heart rate and prevents arrhythmias without interfering with other sympathetic effects

C. An anticholinesterase; used to treat myasthenia gravis

Which of the labeled structures indicate(s) a ganglion? A. B only B. C only C. B and C D. A

C. B and C

Where are alpha 1 receptors especially abundant? A. Adipose tissue B. Sympathetic receptors on the heart C. Blood vessels serving the skin, mucosae D. Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle E. Eccrine sweat glands

C. Blood vessels serving the skin, mucosae

Which letter represents the system that causes ejaculation of semen by the penis or reflex contractions of the vagina? A. A B. D C. C D. B

C. C

Which letter represents the system that most specifically regulates the release of renin from the kidney? A. D B. B C. C D. A

C. C

Which letter(s) represents the system that (1) increases the metabolic rate of body cells; (2) raises blood glucose levels; and (3) mobilizes fats for use as fuels A. A B. B C. C D. A and B

C. C

Match the following: "B." A. Connects to skeletal muscle B. Include both muscle spindles and tendon organs as input C. Contains visceral pain afferents D. Are regularly used to assess for clinical abnormalities

C. Contains visceral pain afferents

Which letter represents the system that stimulates erection of the male penis or female clitoris during sexual excitement? A. A B. B C. D D. C

C. D

In some cases of trauma to the spinal cord, the normally cooperative innervation of the reproductive organs will be interrupted by disruption of the sympathetic nervous system. Unopposed parasympathetic activity in the reproductive system would results in what sing in males? A. Reflex contractions B. Ejaculation of semen C. Erection of the penis D. Increased heart rate

C. Erection of the penis

Which of the following effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions is true? A. In adipose tissue, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates lipolysis (fat breakdown) and the sympathetic nervous sytem no effect (no innvervation) B. In the urinary balldder, the parasympathetic nervous system relaxes smooth muscle of the bladder wall and the sympathetic nervous system contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall C. In blood coagulation, the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innvervation) and the sympathetic nervous system increases coagulation D. In cellular metabolism, the parasympathetic nervous system increases the metabolic rate and the sympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innvervation)

C. In blood coagulation, the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innervation) and the sympathetic nervous system increases coagulation

Which of the follwoing examples of dual innervation is incorrect? A. In the lungs, the parasympathetic nervous system causes bronchiole constriction and the sympathetic nervous sytem causes dilation of bronchioles B. In the iris, the parasympathetic nervous system constricts the pupils by stimulating the sphincter pupillae muscles and the sympathetic nervous system dilates the pupils by stimulating the dilator pupillae muscles C. In the liver, the parasympathetic nervous system increases glucose uptake from blood and the sympathetic nervous system stimulates release of glucose to blood D. In the salivary glands, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates secretion of watery saliva and the sympathetic nervous system stimulates secretion of thick, viscous saliva

C. In the liver, the parasympathetic nervous system increases glucose uptake from blood and the sympathetic nervous sytem stimulates release of glucose to blood

Why do doctors sometimes prescribe drugs called "sympatholytic agents" to treat hypertension? A. Sympatholytic agents stimulate beta receptors, decreasing blood pressure B. Sympatholytic agents inhibit the digestive and urinary tracts in order to decrease blood volume C. Sympatholytic agents block beta receptors, decreasing blood pressure D. Sympatholytic agents activate the digestive and urinary tracts in order to decrease blood volume

C. Sympatholytic agents block beta receptors, decreasing blood pressure

For the level of ANS control, match the following: "C." A. Emotional responses of the limbic system to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to fight-or-flight status B. Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation C. The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS D. Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivations, etc. E. Cerebral cortex modifies ANS activity by acting through limbic system structures

C. The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS

Postganglionic neurons from the pterygopalatine ganglia innervate which target? A. The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands B. The smooth muscle of the eye C. The lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa D. The parotid gland

C. The lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa

Match the following: Ciliary ganglion A. Trauma to the maxilla may affect this ganglion and alter nasal and lacrimal glands B. Ganglion is located just inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull C. Trauma to the eye may affect this ganglion, which is found in the eye orbit D. Trauma to the lower jaw may affect this ganglion, found deep to the mandibular angle

C. Trauma to the eye may affect this ganglion, which is found in the eye orbit

Select the correct statement A. White rami communicates contain postganglionic sympathetic fibers B. Gray rami communicates contain preganglionic sympathetic fibers C. White rami communicates contain preganglionic sympathetic fibers D. Gray rami communicates contain postganglionic parasympathetic fibers E. White rami communicates contain preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

C. White rami communicates contains preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Which of the following letters represents the system that conducts the fastest impulses? A. C B. B C. D D. A

D. A

Match the following drug that mimics or inhibits adrenergic or cholinergic receptors with its clinical importance: Pilocarpine A. Reduces heart rate and prevents arrhythmias without interfering with other sympathetic effects B. A sympathomimetic agent that binds beta 2 receptors dilating the bronchioles; used to treat asthma C. An anticholinesterase; used to treat myasthenia gravis D. A muscarinic agent; used in the treatment of glaucoma

D. A muscarinic agent; used in the treatment of glaucoma

Match the following autonomic receptor with its neurotransmitter and action: Muscarinic receptor A. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually excitatory B. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually inhibitory C. ACh; stimulatory D. ACh; either inhibitory or stimulatory (depending on the receptor subclass)

D. ACh; either inhibitory or stimulatory (depending on the receptors subclass)

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release which neurotransmitter? A. Acetylcholinesterase B. Epinephrine C. Norepinephrine D. Acetylcholine

D. Acetylcholine

Match the following receptor with its location: Beta 3 receptor A. The heart B. Eccrine sweat glands C. Blood vessels serving the skin, mucosae D. Adipose tissue E. Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle

D. Adipose tissue

Neurotransmitters released by sympathetic postganglionic fibers going to the heart would cause ______________. A. A decrease in both rate and force of contraction B. A decrease in rate and an increase in force of contraction C. An increase in rate and a decrease in force of contraction D. An increase in rate and force of contraction

D. An increase in rate and force of contraction

Identify the incorrect matching A. Phenylephrine and nasal decongestant B. Albuterol and asthma C. Pilocarpine and glaucoma D. Bethanechol and hypertension

D. Bethanechol and hypertension

Match the following drug that mimics or inhibits adrenergic or cholinergic receptors with its clinical importance: Propranolol, a sympatholytic agent A. Enhances sympathetic activity by binding beta 2 receptors and dilating the bronchioles; used to treat asthma B. A muscarinic agent; used in the treatment of glaucoma C. An anticholinesterase; used to treat myasthenia gravis D. Blocks beta receptors; decreasing blood pressure

D. Blocks beta receptors; decreasing blood pressure

Which letter represents the system that innvervates adipose tissue to stimulate fat breakdown? A. D B. A C. B D. C

D. C

Which of the diagrams best represents the structure of the nervous system? A. A B. All of the options are correct C. None of the options are correct D. C E. B

D. C

For the levels of ANS control, match the following: "A." A. Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation B. Emotional responses of the limbic system to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to fight-or-flight status C. The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS D. Cerebral cortex modifies ANS activity by acting through limbic system structures E. Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivation, etc.

D. Cerebral cortex modifies ANS activity by acting through limbic system structures

Match the following homeostatic imbalance of the ANS with its cause: Raynaud's disease A. Overactive, sympathetic vasoconstrictor response promotes by chronic stress B. Cutting or severing of the vagus nerve to decrease secretion of gastric juice in patients with peptic ulcers who do not respond to medication C. A painful stimulus to the skin or an overfilled visceral organ, such as the urinary bladder D. Exaggerated vasoconstriction response to cold or emotional stress (occurs in fingers and toes)

D. Exaggerated vasoconstriction response to cold or emotional stress (occurs in fingers and toes)

Which of the following effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisons is true? A. In the vagina/clitoris, the parasympathetic nervous system causes vagina to contract and the sympathetic nervous system causes erection (vasodilation) of clitoris; increases vaginal lubrication B. In the penis, the parasympathetic nervous system causes ejaculation and the sympathetic. nervous system causes erection (vasodilation) C. For the sweat glands, the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates secretion of thick, viscous saliva and the sympathetic nervous system stimulates secretion of watery saliva D. In the kidney, the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innervation) and the sympathetic nervous system promotes renin release; causes vasoconstriction; decreases urine output

D. In the kidney, the parasympathetic nervous system has no effect (no innervation) and the sympathetic nervous system promotes renin release; causes vasoconstriction; decreases urine output

Once a preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, all of the following can happen except ___________. A. Synapse at a higher or lower level B. Synapse at the same level C. Synapse in a distant collateral ganglion D. Innervate the target organ

D. Innervate the target organ

The parasympathetic nervous system innvervates which of the following targets? A. Sweat glands B. Coronary blood vessels C. Adrenal medulla D. Iris E. Kidney F. All of the choices are innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system

D. Iris

Match the following receptor with its location: Nicotinic receptor A. Adipose tissue B. The heart C. Blood vessels serving the skin, mucosae D. Nueromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle E. Eccrine sweat glands

D. Neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscle

Adrenal medullary cells release which of the following into the blood? A. Norepinephrine only B. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine C. Acetylcholine only D. Norepinephrine and epinephrine E. Epinephrine only

D. Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Match the following autonomic receptor with its neurotransmitter and action: Alpha 1 receptor A. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually inhibitory B. ACh; either inhibitory or stimulatory (depending on the receptor subclass) C. ACh; stimulatory D. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually excitatory

D. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually excitatory

Match the following autonomic receptor with its neurotransmitter and action: Beta 2 adrenergic receptor A. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually excitatory B. ACh; either inhibotry or stimulatory (depending on the receptor subtype) C. ACh; stimulatory D. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually inhibitory

D. Norepinephrine or epinephrine; usually inhibitory

For the levels of ANS control, match the following: "D." A. Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation B. Emotional responses of the limbic system to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to fight-or-flight status C. Cererbral cortex modifies ANS activity by acting through limbic system structures D. Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivation, etc. E. The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS

D. Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivation, etc.

Which of the following release norepinephrine? A. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers B. Autonomic preganglionic fibers C. Somatic motor neurons D. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers E. None of the choices releases norepinephrine

D. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Which of the following is true about the parasympathetic division? A. Motor neurons originate from spinal cord levels T1 to L2 B. Short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers are common in the division C. Fibers can release two different neurotransmitters D. Terminal ganglia are within or close to the target organ

D. Terminal ganglia are within or close to the target organ

Which of the following statements is true? A. The cell body of the second neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the brain or spinal cord. Its axon, the preganglionic axon, synapses with the second motor neuron B. The cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the brain or spinal cord. Its axon, the preganglionic axon, synapses with the first motor neuron C. The cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the brain or spinal cord. Its axon, the postganglionic axon, synapses with the second motor neuron D. The cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the brain or spinal cord. Its axon, the preganglionic axon, synapses with the second motor neuron

D. The cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the brain or spinal cord. Its axon, the preganglionic axon, synapses with the second motor neuron

During vigorous activity, which of the following actions would be decreased? A. The release of glucose into the bloodstream B. The flow of blood to cardiac muscle C. The respiratory rate D. The digestion of food

D. The digestion of food

Which of the following is not one of the three things that can happen to a preganglionic axon when it reaches a trunk ganglion? A. The preganglionic and postganglionic axons can synapse at a higher or lower level B. The preganglionic and postganglionic axons can synapse at the same level C. The preganglionic and postganglionic axons can synapse in a distant collateral ganglion D. The preganglionic and postganglionic axons can synapse in intramural ganglia

D. The preganglionic and postganglionic axons can synapse in intramural ganglia

Match the following: Pterygopalatine ganglion A. Trauma to the lower jaw may affect this ganglion, found deep to the mandibular angle B. Ganglion is located just inferior to the foramen ovale of the skull C. Trauma to the eye may affect this ganglion, which is found in the eye orbit D. Trauma to the maxilla may affect this ganglion and later nasal and lacrimal glands

D. Trauma to the maxilla may affect this ganglion and later nasal and lacrimal glands

Which is true of nicotinic receptors? A. The autonomic targets at the neuromuscular junction are nicotinic B. All preganglionic neurons (cell bodies and dendrites), both sympathetic and parasympathetic, are nicotinic C. The hormone producing cells of the adrenal cortex are nicotinic D. When ACh binds to nicotinic receptors, the effect is always stimulatory

D. When ACh binds to nicotinic receptors, the effect is always stimulatory

Which of the following is true? A. Autonomic disorders do not generally involve muscles or glands B. Most autonomic disorders reflect deficient control of skeletal muscle C. Most autonomic disorders reflect deficient control of cardiac muscle D. Most autonomic disorders reflect deficient control of glands E. Most autonomic disorders reflect exaggerate or deficient controls of smooth muscle activity

E. Most autonomic disorders reflect exaggerated or deficient controls of smooth muscle activity

For the levels of ANS control, match the following: "E." A. The boss: Allows for overall integration of the ANS B. Regulates pupil size, heart, blood pressure, airflow, salivation, etc. C. Emotional responses of the limbic system to danger and stress signal the hypothalamus to activate the sympathetic system to fight-or-flight status D. Cerebral cortex modifies ANS activity by acting through limbic system E. Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation

E. Reflexes for urination, defecation, erection, and ejaculation

Match the following: "E." A. Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord segments T1 through L2 B. Cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons C. Cell bodies of postganglionic neurons D. Detects chemical changes, stretch, and irritation of the viscera E. Sends information to smooth muscle, glands, or cardiac muscle

E. Sends information to smooth muscle, glands, or cardiac muscle

Which fibers release norepinephrine (NE)? A. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers B. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers C. Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers D. Somatic motor neurons fibers E. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

E. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Which of the following are not served by the superior cervical ganglion? A. The salivary glands B. The blood vessels of the head C. The irises of the eye D. The tarsal muscles of the upper eyelid E. The lungs

E. The lungs

Which of the following is true regarding the sympathetic versus parasympathetic nervous systems? A. The parasympathetic nervous system innervates structures like sweat glands and arrector pili muscle of the skin B. Smooth muscle in the walls of arteries is only innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system C. Only the sympathetic nervous system supplies visceral organs in the internal body cavities D. Because of its location, damage to the spinal cord in the thoracic level would have little effect on sympathetic activity E. The sympathetic nervous system is more complex partly because it innervates more organs

E. The sympathetic nervous system is more complex partly because it innervates more organs