Chapter 15 and 16 Test

46. Why do so many people believe there is a link between autism and the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine? A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link. B. Autism rates increased in every city with an aggressive vaccination program. C. Everyone knows that vaccinations are unhealthy. D. Parents with autistic children can see a clear link between vaccinations and autism.

A. A prestigious medical journal published a paper, which was later retracted, that identified a link.

72. Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. Adderall B. Clozaril C. Lithium D. Xanax

A. Adderall

97. Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized. B. Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time. C. Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter. D. Patients often leave before their doctor releases them.

A. Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized.

98. What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy? A. broke their backs B. cured them C. had no effect D. put them in a coma

A. broke their backs

2. Etiology is another word for ________. A. causes B. conditions C. forms D. psychopathology

A. causes

79. Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. A. 15% B. 26% C. 35% D. 60%

B. 26%

27. What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away. A. catatonic behavior B. disorganized thinking C. hallucinations D. paranoid delusions

B. disorganized thinking

15. Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A. anxiety B. dissociative identity C. personality D. schizophrenia

B. dissociative identity

90. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors? A. client's characteristics, values, preferences, and culture B. clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex D. use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for client's issue

C. having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex

23. Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________. A. body dysmorphia B. flight of ideas C. mania D. rapid cycling

C. mania

69. Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client- centered therapy is this? A. active listening B. client focus C. transference D. unconditional positive regard

D. unconditional positive regard

41. Which of the following statements is true about obsessive-compulsive disorder? A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors. B. It involves persistent, unfocused anxiety. C. It is most often diagnosed during adolescence. D. Men are more often diagnosed than women.

A. It involves intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.

25. Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. B. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. C. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. D. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

A. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

behavior 93. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Carl Rogers believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings. A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud." B. The word "childhood" should be changed to the word "infancy." C. The word "psychoanalysis" should be changed to the word "humanism." D. The word "repressed" should be changed to the word "conscious."

A. The name "Carl Rogers" should be changed to the name "Sigmund Freud."

32. From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. paranoid personality disorder

A. antisocial personality disorder

6. ________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. A. anxiety B. body dysmorphic C. obsessive-compulsive D. personality

A. anxiety

7. A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A. anxiety B. generalized C. safety D. social

A. anxiety

20. Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless B. exhibits three separate personalities, each distinct from the other C. hates being outside the home alone D. refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day

A. appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless

36. Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. dependent personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

A. avoidant personality disorder

45. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self B. feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C. memory loss D. rapidly fluctuating mood

A. becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

55. Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors? A. behavior B. biomedical C. cognitive D. exposure

A. behavior

50. Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder? A. behavioral inhibition B. biological predisposition C. displaying a specific phobia D. exhibiting stress

A. behavioral inhibition

17. Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________. A. being outside the home alone B. blood C. enclosed spaces D. heights

A. being outside the home alone

47. The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________ perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A. biological; psychological B. diathesis; supernatural C. medical; stress D. psychological; biological

A. biological; psychological

74. Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A. biomedical B. cognitive C. humanistic D. RET

A. biomedical

19. Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder. A. body dysmorphic B. generalized anxiety C. mood D. neurological

A. body dysmorphic

48. What should be changed to make the following sentence true ? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack." A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia" B. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "arachnophobia" C. change the word "escape" to the word "survive" D. change the word "panic" to the word "heart"

A. change the word "acrophobia" to the word "agoraphobia"

43. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation." A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia" B. change the word "fear" to the word "terror" C. change the word "specific" to the word "generalized" D. change the word "specific" to the word "simple"

A. change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia"

39. What should be changed to make the following sentence true ? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities." A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological" B. change the word "abnormalities" to the word "anomalies" C. change the word "disorders" to the word "pathologies" D. change the word "perspective" to the word "theory"

A. change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"

53. Addiction is often viewed as a(an) ________ disease. A. chronic B. fleeting C. imaginary D. simple

A. chronic

4. What is comorbidity? A. co-occurrence of two disorders B. having two causes for a single disorder C. having two causes of death D. mental disorder leading to death

A. co-occurrence of two disorders

62. Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. cognitive therapy B. non-directive therapy C. play therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

A. cognitive therapy

76. The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________. A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) C. strategic family therapy D. structural family therapy

A. cognitive-behavioral therapy

1. A psychological disorder is a ________. A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors C. manifestation of a psychopathology D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

5. The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. A. diathesis-stress B. supernatural C. Szasz D. Venn

A. diathesis-stress

49. Exhibiting a personality that ________ is a common characteristic of all personality disorders. A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture B. is borderline or narcissistic C. is incompatible with Western cultural norms D. is split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self

A. differs markedly from the expectations of one's culture

44. Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of posttraumatic stress disorder? A. experiencing trauma in isolation B. greater trauma severity C. lack of immediate social support D. trauma experience

A. experiencing trauma in isolation

81. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), in 2008, ________ of adults received treatment for a mental health issue. A. 5% B. 13.4% C. 20.9% D. 50.3%

B. 13.4%

57. Who developed client-centered therapy? A. Abraham Maslow B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Philippe Pinel

B. Carl Rogers

85. Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? A. Behavior can be conditioned. B. How you think determines how you feel. C. Thoughts cannot be changed. D. Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

B. How you think determines how you feel.

94. How is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis? A. Behavior therapy involves free association and dream analysis, while psychoanalysis focuses on the use of classical conditioning to change patterns of thinking. B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. C. In psychoanalysis, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while behavior therapy involves digging deeply into one's unconscious. D. Psychoanalysis involves using free association to work through repressed desires, while behavior therapy focuses on how undesirable behaviors are predicted unconsciously, in our dreams.

B. In behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging deeply into one's unconscious.

31. Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? A. Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can't make decisions on her own. B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. C. Phoebe is impulsive, unpredictable, and sometimes engages in self-mutilation. D. Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.

B. Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.

33. Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder? A. Stella is devoted to her work and works so much that she has no time for friends or family. B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie. C. Stella often lies, fights, and gets into trouble with police. D. When Stella's father asked how her day was, she interpreted it as a threat.

B. Stella laughed when her dog died and cried while watching a funny movie.

38. Which of the following is not a reason that ADHD may be overdiagnosed? A. Doctors are too quick to medicate children as a behavior treatment. B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified. C. There is greater awareness of ADHD now than in the past. D. What might seem like inattention to some parents and teachers could simply reflect exposure to too much technology.

B. The amount of ADHD in the population has increased tenfold since it was first identified.

71. Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ________. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antidepressants C. antipsychotics D. mood stabilizers

B. antidepressants

99. Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old? A. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) B. anxiety disorder C. conduct disorder D. mood disorder

B. anxiety disorder

65. Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails? A. aversion therapy B. aversive conditioning C. experience conditioning D. exposure therapy

B. aversive conditioning

61. Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversive conditioning B. behavior therapy C. client-centered therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

B. behavior therapy

91. What is the emphasis in humanistic therapy? A. client's early infancy B. client's present and future C. client's recent past D. client's unconscious desires

B. client's present and future

54. Aversive conditioning is a ________. A. classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior C. form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors D. therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors

B. counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

22. Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? A. asymptomatic B. episodic C. limited in duration to a few weeks D. reoccurring every few months

B. episodic

40. Which of the following is a common characteristic of all anxiety disorders? A. above average number of phobias B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety C. inability to control the body's reaction to fear D. sporadic, intense panic attacks

B. excessive, persistent fear and anxiety

77. Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. A. cognitive therapy B. free association C. rational emotive therapy D. transference

B. free association

18. Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________. A. free-floating anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. persistent depressive disorder

B. generalized anxiety disorder

11. Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? A. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C. overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D. pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

B. lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

88. Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. A. auditory hallucinations B. manic episodes C. paranoia D. visual hallucinations

B. manic episodes

9. People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A. anxiety B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. phobia

B. obsessive-compulsive

78. ________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas. A. nursing homes B. rural areas C. schools D. urban areas

B. rural areas

68. For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A. dream analysis B. stimulus hierarchy C. virtual hierarchy D. virtual reality exposure

B. stimulus hierarchy

82. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012. A. 13% B. 15% C. 19% D. 25%

C. 19%

80. Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. A. 1850 B. 1933 C. 1954 D. 1960

C. 1954

75. Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy? A. Clients in group therapy don't need additional biomedical therapy. B. In every case it is more effective than individual therapy. C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem. D. There is less transference during group therapy.

C. It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem.

24. Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? A. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. B. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. D. People who grow up with a depressed parent become depressed themselves.

C. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

87. What does research suggest about the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques? A. A meta-analysis suggests that psychodynamic psychoanalysis is the least effective approach. B. Data regarding the comparative effectiveness of psychotherapeutic techniques is unavailable. C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another. D. Research shows that cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most effective approach.

C. No studies have found one psychotherapeutic approach more effective than another.

84. Which principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization? A. Once you are conditioned to relax, you will never feel stress again. B. Some people are genetically predisposed to tension. C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time. D. You can't enjoy life if you are surrounded by things that induce anxiety.

C. You can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time.

34. Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? A. antisocial personality disorder B. avoidant personality disorder C. borderline personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. borderline personality disorder

59. In the free association technique of psychoanalysis, the ________. A. client engages in self-reflection prior to the session to decide what to discuss B. client keeps a dream diary to guide therapy sessions C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment D. therapist hypnotizes the client

C. client says whatever comes to mind at the moment

63. In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. aversion therapy B. classical conditioning C. cognitive-behavioral therapy D. free association

C. cognitive-behavioral therapy

35. Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality? A. avoidant personality disorder B. borderline personality disorder C. dependent personality disorder D. narcissistic personality disorder

C. dependent personality disorder

89. Anti-anxiety agents work by ________. A. altering levels of neurotransmitters B. blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine C. depressing central nervous system activity D. improving the ability to focus on tasks

C. depressing central nervous system activity

56. ECT stands for ________. A. easy classical treatment B. economy, cognition, tokens C. electroconvulsive therapy D. extra conditioning therapy

C. electroconvulsive therapy

30. Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nathan's personality? A. borderline personality disorder B. histrionic personality disorder C. narcissistic personality disorder D. schizotypal personality disorder

C. narcissistic personality disorder

37. Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality? A. histrionic personality disorder B. narcissistic personality disorder C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D. schizoid personality disorder

C. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

28. If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________. A. experiences flashbacks interspersed with depression B. never thinks about the risk that a major depressive episode will follow a manic episode C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania D. once started a day euphoric and ended the day tired

C. often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

10. Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD? A. anterior cortex B. cingulate cortex C. orbitofrontal cortex D. prefrontal cortex

C. orbitofrontal cortex

14. ________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A. grandiose B. hallucination C. paranoid D. somatic

C. paranoid

16. Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________. A. mood disorder B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. phobia D. psychosis

C. phobia

21. Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder. A. antisocial personality B. mood C. posttraumatic stress D. schizotypal personality

C. posttraumatic stress

52. Cultural competence is a therapist's understanding of, and attention to, ________. A. issues related to being a female therapist treating a male client B. issues related to whether the client is considered normal or deviant C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment D. treating everyone the same regardless of cultural background

C. race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment

86. Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________. A. suggested the person could not be helped B. suggested the person seeking help needed medicine C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure D. was too negative

C. suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure

3. Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A. Desperate Social and Mental Disorders B. Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C. Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

96. Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is false? A. It involves dream analysis. B. It involves free association. C. It was developed by Sigmund Freud. D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.

D. It was the dominant form of therapy in the 19th century.

83. What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? A. Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial. B. Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder. C. Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment. D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

D. People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations.

58. Who developed psychoanalysis? A. Carl Jung B. Carl Rogers C. Dorothea Dix D. Sigmund Freud

D. Sigmund Freud

42. Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is incorrect? A. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. B. Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. C. It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

D. This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

8. Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests? A. antisocial personality disorder B. attention deficit disorder C. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D. autism spectrum disorder

D. autism spectrum disorder

29. Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A. associative fugue B. catatonia C. depersonalization D. dissociative fugue

D. dissociative fugue

64. Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? A. cognitive-behavioral therapy B. cognitive therapy C. free association D. humanistic therapy

D. humanistic therapy

60. Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A. behavior therapy B. cognitive therapy C. humanistic therapy D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

D. psychodynamic psychotherapy

13. Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder. A. mood B. obsessive-compulsive C. personality D. psychotic

D. psychotic

51. What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A. conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles B. generalized anxiety and specific phobias C. obsession with the suffering of others D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

D. repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

12. Which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior? A. anxiety B. bipolar C. personality D. schizophrenia

D. schizophrenia

73. Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________. A. a mood disorder who do not believe in traditional biomedical approaches B. ADHD who also suffer from anxiety C. auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

D. severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

26. Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this? A. disorganized B. grandiose C. paranoid D. somatic

D. somatic

70. The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache. A. anti-anxiety agents B. antipsychotics C. atypical antipsychotics D. stimulants

D. stimulants

66. On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using? A. aversion therapy B. free association C. play therapy D. systematic desensitization

D. systematic desensitization

92. What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A. behavior affects social interaction B. emotions affect thoughts C. social interaction affects emotions D. thoughts affect behavior

D. thoughts affect behavior

67. Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. A. classical conditioning B. humanism C. RET D. token economy

D. token economy

95. How long does psychoanalysis typically take? A. months B. one week of intensive sessions C. weeks D. years

D. years