MOD. 12 Cold War

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loyalty review boards

1947: An organization created in 1947 that investigated the employees of the "supposedly disloyal organizations" and eliminated any supporter of communism.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A 1949 defense alliance initiated by the US, Canada, and 10 Western European nations

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

space race

A competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union.

House Un-American Activities Committee

A congressional committee created to search out disloyal Americans & Communists.

Declaration of Human Rights

A declaration adopted by the United Nations to give rights to every human on the planet. These rights include the right to life, political rights, freedom of religion, and economic rights

Brinkmanship

A policy of threatening to go to war in response to any enemy aggression.

Iron Curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Domino Theory

A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Communist china

After 1949, Mao Zedong took control of China making the two largest nations in the world under communist control

Containment

American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Armistice

An agreement to stop fighting

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

united nations

An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Arms Race

Cold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons

38th Parallel

Dividing line between North and South Korea

Sputnik

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Rosenberg's Case

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were United States citizens who spied for the Soviet Union and were tried, convicted and executed by the United States government.

McCarthyism

The act of accusing people of disloyalty and communism

Trumane Doctrine

United States policy, established in 1947, of trying to contain the spread of communism

Berlin Airlift

airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

Massive Retaliation

policy of threatening to use massive force in response to aggression

duck and cover drills

schools practiced these during the Cold War era

Flexible Response

the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons

U-2 Incident

the downing of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960


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