Chapter 15 Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Which of the following is an example of explicit memory? A) John summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend. B) Max drives the car from his office to his home. C) Linda turns off the lights before going to bed. D) Maria types on her computer while talking to her friend.

A) John summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend.

Ruth and Gerald are a married couple. Both are in their late 60s. It is likely that as they get older, ________. A) both Ruth and Gerald will get shorter B) Gerald will get shorter, but Ruth will not get shorter C) Ruth will get shorter, but Gerald will not get shorter D) only if Ruth or Gerald has osteoporosis, he or she will get shorter

A) both Ruth and Gerald will get shorter

Felicia is a 70-year-old American woman. Her doctor should be most concerned about her developing ________, the leading cause of death in her age group. A) cancer B) influenza C) lung disease D) cardiovascular disease

A) cancer

Cynthia is 91 years old. Doctors have found that Cynthia's optic nerves have been damaged because of accumulation of fluid in the eye. Cynthia is worried that she will lose her vision, but the doctor has told her that her condition can be treated with eye drops. The disease that has marred Cynthia's vision is A) glaucoma. B) cataracts. C) retinopathy. D) macular degeneration.

A) glaucoma.

One factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is A) their ability to cope effectively with stress. B) the lack of stressful events in their lives. C) their years of marriage. D) their socioeconomic status.

A) their ability to cope effectively with stress.

Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference? A) Harry has a lower number of synapses than Aaron has. B) Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons. C) Harry has reduced tree-like branching in the dendrites of his brain. D) Aaron has a thicker corpus callosum than Harry has.

B) Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons.

The vision of older adults can be affected by age-related changes. One of these changes, which can make steps or street curbs difficult to manage, is a decline in A) eye-hand coordination. B) depth perception. C) ocular elasticity. D) color vision.

B) depth perception.

Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by A) removing the cap of the DNA molecule. B) injecting it with telomerase. C) rearranging the DNA sequences. D) splicing the 18th and 19th chromosomes.

B) injecting it with telomerase.

Which of the following best describes sirtuins? A) They are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes and are proposed as being the key components of the stem cell regeneration process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging. B) They are unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures. C) They are a family of proteins that have been proposed as having important influences on longevity, mitochondria functioning in energy, calorie restriction benefits, stress resistance, and cardiovascular functioning. D) They are tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair.

C) They are a family of proteins that have been proposed as having important influences on longevity, mitochondria functioning in energy, calorie restriction benefits, stress resistance, and cardiovascular functioning.

Although Alicia has a great memory for trivia, she has difficulty remembering important events in her life. Alicia has good ________ memory but poor ________ memory. A) episodic; procedural B) procedural; semantic C) semantic; episodic D) explicit; implicit

C) semantic; episodic

Travis, who is 25 years old, knows that Beijing is the capital of China, but he cannot remember when or where he learned this. This is an example of how semantic memory A) improves with age. B) is closely linked to an individual's personal identity with the past. C) begins to decline in early adulthood. D) is independent of an individual's personal identity with the past.

D) is independent of an individual's personal identity with the past.

Allen can be described as an average American. He is currently 65 years old. He is likely to live 18.4 more years. Hence, it can be said that Allen has a ________ of 83.4 years. A) mortality rate B) circadian rhythm C) cellular clock D) life expectancy

D) life expectancy