Chapter 16

The ________ style of leadership describes a leader who tends to involve employees in decision making, delegate authority, encourage participation in deciding work methods and goals, and use feedback as an opportunity for coaching employees.

democratic

According to path-goal theory, a leader who lets subordinates know what's expected of them, schedules work to be done, and gives specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks is termed ________.

directive

In the University of Iowa behavioral studies, group members' satisfaction levels were generally ________.

higher under a democratic leader than under an autocratic one

Credibility is the degree to which followers perceive someone as honest, competent, and able to inspire.

true

Despite the best efforts of researchers, it proved impossible to identify one set of traits that would always differentiate leaders from nonleaders.

true

Ideally, all managers should be leaders.

true

Legitimate power and authority are inherent in management positions.

true

Legitimate power and authority are one in the same.

true

One specific role of team leadership is that team leaders are troubleshooters.

true

Path-goal theory holds that subordinates with an external locus of control will be more satisfied with a directive style

true

Path-goal theory states that employee performance and satisfaction are likely to be positively influenced when the leader compensates for shortcomings in either the employee or the work setting.

true

Robert House assumed that leadership style changes depending on the situation

true

Robert House's achievement-oriented leader sets challenging goals and expects followers to perform at their highest level.

true

The challenge for many managers is learning how to become an effective team leader.

true

The least-preferred coworker questionnaire measures whether a person is task or relationship oriented.

true

The managerial grid only provides a framework for conceptualizing leadership style.

true

Trust is the belief in the integrity, character, and ability of a leader.

true

________ is the power that rests on the leader's ability to punish or control.

Coercive power

The ________ model proposed that effective group performance depended upon the proper match between the leader's style of interacting with his or her followers and the degree to which the situation allowed the leader to control and influence.

Fiedler contingency

________ are characterized by high performance orientation, low compassion, low self-protection, low team orientation, high autonomy, and high participation.

German Leaders

Who developed path-goal theory?

House

Why are more and more companies empowering employees?

Managers must cope with increased work demands.

________ is derived from the belief that effective leaders clarify the path to help their followers get from where they are to the achievement of their work goals and make the journey along the path easier by reducing roadblocks and pitfalls.

Path goal theory

What did the most comprehensive analysis identify as a characteristic that differentiates charismatic leaders from noncharismatic ones?

They are willing to take risks to achieve a vision.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about transformational leaders?

They exhibit more than charisma

How are ethics a part of leadership?

Trust explicitly deals with the leadership traits of honesty and integrity.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the differences between gender and leadership style?

Women encourage more participation

________ to motivate others by transforming their self-interest into organizational goals.

Women tend to use transformational leadership

The Ohio State and the University of Michigan studies were ________.

about the same time and had similar research objectives

The University of Iowa studies discussed all of the following leadership styles except ________.

accommodating

A leader who sets challenging goals and expects very high performance levels from subordinates is classified as what type of leader, according to path-goal theory?

achievement orientated

Early leadership trait research sought ________.

characteristics that might differentiate leaders from nonleaders

Reviews of the major studies undertaken to test the overall validity of Fiedler's model have shown ________.

considerable evidence to support the model

According to the Ohio State studies, a leader who was high in ________ helped group members with personal problems, was friendly and approachable, and treated all group members as equals.

consideration

According to the Ohio State studies, the dimension of leader behavior that is defined as the extent to which a leader had job relationships characterized by mutual trust and respect for group members' ideas and feelings is called ________.

consideration

The dimension of trust that is used to describe reliability, predictability, and good judgment in handling situations is termed ________.

consistency

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides little direction or support?

delegating

One general conclusion that surfaces from leadership research is that ________.

effective leaders do not use any single style

Path-goal theory identifies two classes of situation variables that moderate the leadership-behavior outcome as ________.

environment and followers

Fiedler assumed a person's leadership style was ________.

fixed

Leadership ________.

has only been studied since the early twentieth century

The most dominant component of credibility is ________.

honesty

According to the Ohio State studies, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior refers to the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and the roles of group members in the search for goal attainment?

initiating structure

The dimension of trust that is used to describe honesty and truthfulness is ________.

integrity

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which the leader generally gives the group complete freedom to make decisions and complete the work in whatever way it sees fit?

laissez-faire style

Fiedler's least-preferred coworker questionnaire seeks to measure what leadership factor?

leader's style

Fiedler's dimension termed ________ is the degree of confidence, trust, and respect subordinates had for their leader.

leader-member relations

Persons who are able to influence others and who possess managerial authority are termed ________.

leaders

________ is the power to give positive benefit or rewards.

reward power

Men tend to use ________ leadership, handing out rewards for good work and punishment for bad.

transactional

________ leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future for an organization or organizational unit that grows out of and improves on the future.

visionary

________ are expected to be humble and speak frequently.

Japanese

Which of the following is not one of the hypotheses that have evolved from the path-goal theory?

Subordinates with an external locus of control will be less satisfied with a directive style.

Which of the following describes the leadership style in which a leader tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation?

autocratic style

Researchers who train individuals to use charismatic nonverbal behaviors do not recommend ________.

avoiding eye contact

Your firm's attorney has ________ power when giving legal advice.

expert

Which of the following is the type of power a person has because of his or her position in the formal organizational hierarchy?

legitimate power

Which of the following is not an important leadership role for team leaders?

liaison with internal constituencies

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "follower"?

locus of control

Evidence indicates that transformational leadership is strongly correlated with ________.

lower turnover rates and higher levels of productivity and creativity

Leadership is ________.

the process of influencing a group toward the achievement of goals

The Fiedler model was based on the premise that a certain leadership style would be ________.

most effective in different types of situations

Transactional leaders are leaders who guide ________.

or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements

The evidence supporting the superiority of transformational leadership over the transactional variety is ________.

overwhelmingly impressive

The main role of the leader is to facilitate and communicate in which of the following leadership styles?

participating

According to path-goal theory, a manager who consults with subordinates and uses their suggestions exhibits what type of leadership behavior?

participative

Fiedler's term ________ refers to the degree of influence a leader has over power-based activities.

position power

When a young child emulates a professional sports star's behavior, the star has what kind of power over the child?

referent

________ is the power that arises because of a person's desirable resources or personal traits.

referent power

Which of the following leadership styles describes a leader who provides both directive and supportive behavior?

selling

Research by Fiedler uncovered three contingency dimensions that define the key ________.

situational factors for determining leader effectiveness

The ________ theory is a contingency theory that focuses on followers' readiness.

situational leadership

Research on leadership made it increasingly clear that predicting leadership success involved ________.

something more complex than isolating a few leader traits or preferable behaviors

All of the following are sources of leader power except ________.

status

According to the path-goal theory, directive leadership will lead to higher employee satisfaction when there is ________ within a work group.

substantial conflict

According to path-goal theory, a leader who is friendly and shows concern for the needs of subordinates is termed ________.

supportive

Research on path-goal theory could be summarized as ________.

supportive

The degree to which the job assignments are formalized and procedurized is the ________ contingency dimension according to Fiedler.

task structure

Which of the following is included in the class of contingency variables termed "environment"?

task structure and formal authority system

Which of the following are two of the three key situational factors Fiedler felt were important in determining leader effectiveness?

task structure and leader-member relations

According to Hersey and Blanchard, a high task-low relationship situation calls for the ________ leadership style.

telling

Which of the following is not one of the qualities that are related to effectiveness in the roles of visionary leaders?

the ability to stimulate and inspire followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes

Trait theory ignores ________.

the interactions of leaders and their group members as well as situational factors

Which type of leaders attempts to instill in followers the ability to question not only established views but those views held by the leader?

transformational

A leader, such as Bill Gates of Microsoft, who can inspire followers above their own self-interests and can have a profound effect on their performance, is known as a(n) ________.

transformational leader

A charismatic leader is likely seen as being self-confident and influential.

true

A vision should offer clear and compelling imagery that taps into people's emotions and inspires enthusiasm to pursue the organization's goals.

true

According to Fiedler's research, task-oriented leaders tended to perform better in situations that are very favorable to them and in situations that were very unfavorable.

true

Charismatic leadership may not always be needed to achieve high levels of employee performance.

true