Chapter 16 Biology 105
assuming hardy weinberg equilibrium what will the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype be in the next generation of the frequency of the dominant allele in the current generation is 0.60
0.36
what is the frequency of a recessive allele in a population if 25% of the individuals are homozygous recessive and 50% or heterozygous
0.50
calculate the dominant allele frequency in a population of the homozygous dominant genotype frequency is 49%
0.7
it is estimated that a mutation occurs once every ... cell division
100,000
which individuals have an advantage in an environment where malaria is present
Hb^a Hb^s
runaway hypothesis
The hypothesis regarding sexual selection that states that females choose mates on the basis of appearance
genetic equilibrium
a population in which allele frequencies don't change over time
polygenic trait
a trait that is controlled by many genes
founder effect
a type of genetic drift in which a small number of individuals from a new population away from the original one
Evolution is considered a change in the frequencies of alleles over generations.
alleles
gene flow is the movement of what between populations
alleles
gene pool
alleles of all genes in all individuals in a population
If the frequencies of alleles do not change from one generation to the next, genetic equilibrium has occurred.
alleles, genetic equilibrium
If the frequencies of alleles has changed, then microevolution has occurred.
alleles, microevolution
By looking at the frequencies of alleles within a single population over a period of time, one can determine if microevolution has occured.
alleles, population, microevolution
Microevolution is the change in the frequencies of alleles in populations from one generation to the next.
alleles, populations
according to the cost benefit analysis the benefit of partaking in a particular behavior or strategy must outweigh the cost
benefit, cost
mutation
change to DNA sequence that can serve as a source of new genetic variation
genetic drift
changes in the allele frequency of a gene pool due to chance events bottleneck effect founder effect
mutagens
chemical of physical agents that cause mutation
sexual selection in males results in an increased ability to compete for mates where sexual selection in females involves selecting a mate with the best fitness
compete, selecting
microevolution
evolutionary changes within a population
assortative mating can cause the frequency of what to change within a population
genotype
Population
group of organisms of a single species living in the same geographic area
sickle cell disease is caused by an abnormal form of what in red blood cells
hemoglobin
dominance hierarchies
in some populations males or females will establish dominance hierarchies in which high ranking individuals have a greater access to resources
which of the following demonstrates the imperfect nature of natural selection
increased chance of spinal injury from walking upright
assortative mating
individuals mate based upon preference
which of the following are conditions that a population must meet in order to maintain hardy weinberg principle
no mutation no migration large gene pool random mating no selection
allele frequency
the percentage of each allele in a populations gene pool
disruptive selection
the type of selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over the intermediate phenotype persist in an environment that is subject to a high degree of change
during times of environmental change populations with genetic what have a better chance of adapting
variation
which equation describes genotype frequencies of a non living population
p2+ 2pq+ q2
negative aspects of being a dominant baboon
required to defend against predators requires a larger amount of food
population genetics
scientist studies the diversity of genes in a population
ways diversity is maintained within a population
sexual reproduction occasional interbreeding between adjacent populations the presence of subspecies mutations create new alleles
sexual dimorphism
some animals the males and females differ in size and other characteristics
antibiotic resistance
the STD gonorrhea is becoming more difficult to treat due to the development of antibiotic resistance
fitness
the ability to produce surfing offspring
sexual selection
the adaptive changes in males and females that lead to an increased ability to secure a mate
territory
the area that is defended against competitors
territoriality
the defensive behavior necessary to defend a territory
homozygous
the heterozygote advantage means that the heterozygote for a trial has an advantage over two homozygous
stabilizing selection
the intermediate phenotype is the favored phenotype responsible for keeping cystic fibrosis allele in the population
bottleneck effect
the loss of genetic diversity that can be caused by a natural disaster
directional selection
when an extreme phenotype is favored and the distribution curve moves toward that extreme this would demonstrate a type of natural selection
the alleles in nonrandom mating assort according to what
mating behavior
reproductively isolated
migration between populations does not occur the gene pools of those populations may become different over time
gene flow
movement of alleles between populations when plants and animals migrate
what is the raw material for evolutionary change and introduce new variations among members of a population
mutation
heterozygote advantage
maintenance of genetic diversity of future generations