Chapter 16 sociology

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Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.

social promotion

The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for _____________.

Access to education

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

Resources and money

hidden curriculum

The type of non academic knowledge that people learn through informal learning and cultural transmission

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

Tracking

a formalized sorting system that places students on "tracks" (advanced, low achievers) that perpetuate inequalities

education

a social institution through which a society's children are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills, and cultural norms

Sorting

classifying students based on academic merit or potential

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo

conflict theory

cultural capital

cultural knowledge that serves (metaphorically) as currency to help one navigate a culture

conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ___________.

perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that ___________.

racial segregation in schools was allowed

Key predictors for student success include ____________.

socioeconomic status and family background

What term describes the separation of students based on merit?

sorting

Credentialism

the emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill, has attained a certain level of education, or has met certain job qualifications

universal access

the equal ability of all people to participate in an education system

Grade inflation

the idea that the achievement level associated with an A today is notably lower than the achievement level associated with A-level work a few decades ago

formal education

the learning of academic facts and concepts

social placement

the use of education to improve one's social standing

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

tracking

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________.

transmission of moral education

Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of______________.

Cultural transmission

Head Start Program

a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status

No Child Left Behind Act

an act that requires states to test students in prescribed grades, with the results of those tests determining eligibility to receive federal funding

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

courtship

Informal education

education that involves learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in a society

Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _____________.

families, society, the individual, all of the above.

Public schools must guarantee that ___________.

per-student spending is equitable

Informal education _________________.

refers to the learning of cultural norms

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ___________.

social placement

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

symbolic interactionism

cultural transmission

the way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?

they recruit top teachers


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