Chapter 17: Nations and Empires, 1850-1914 Quiz

True or false: Africans, Amerindians, and Asians all resisted nineteenth-century European and American imperialism.

True

How were limited-liability joint-stock companies, technological developments, and European and American expansion into Africa and Asia connected to one another?

As companies' manufacturing capacity grew, they sought greater access to markets in Africa and Asia; Companies and new technologies made it possible and profitable to acquire African and Asian territories and extract raw materials from them

In what ways were the limited-liability joint-stock companies that were formed in the United States and Europe similar to the private economic dynasties that developed in Japan?

Both depended on political support from a nation-state for their existence and success; Both had the capacity to raise large sums of money to engage in trade and production on a global scale.

Nation-states often struggled with disunity even after they consolidated power. Match each statement about challenges to national unity with the country it best describes.

Brazil: In this country, the sense of national unity was strong among the elite, but it intentionally excluded the vast majority of the country's adult residents. United States: In this country, segments of the population used violence to undermine federal laws and prevent men of African descent from voting. Great Britain: In this country, a long-oppressed minority group continued to seek independence well into the twentieth century. Canada: In this country, the sense of national unity was weak because of strong racial, legal, and linguistic divisions within the population.

Complete this passage about the differences between Charles Darwin's evolutionary theories and the ideas of Social Darwinists.

Charles Darwin articulated the idea that different SPECIES of animals evolved over millennia through NATURAL SELECTION. According to this idea, individuals with TRAITS BEST SUITED TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT will survive and reproduce at higher rates than others. Social Darwinists asserted that people with European physical traits were more EVOLVED than other people and believed it was NATURAL for them to rule over Africans and Asians.

Match each image with the statement that most accurately describes its message.

Color oil painting: "Arabs are not like Europeans..." Newspaper: "Americans are inescapable parasites" Black and White Drawing: "The British Empire may be huge....but people are lazy" Black and White Photo: European civilization is the only true modern civilization"

True or False : Menelik II of Ethiopia was able to successfully resist European conquest because he established modern factories that produced effective weapons for his unified, loyal army.

False

True or False: Russia was unable to consolidate its power as a nation-state because it did not acquire new territories.

False

Looking back, it is easy to identify the beginnings of imperial control over Africa and Asia, but local leaders could not see the full scope of what was happening. Imagine you are giving advice to African and Asian leaders. What are the signs that an imperial power might be headed their way?

Foreign visitors suggest that when they are in your country, they should be allowed to follow their own laws, instead of your laws; Christian missionaries begin arriving, asking or demanding to spread their ideas to your people; Foreign merchants start getting pushy, demanding free access to all your ports and complaining about import taxes; Representatives of a foreign government show up, asking for land so they can build a railway through your territory.

How did the United States benefit from its overseas territories?

Imperial ventures reinforced the American concept of Manifest Destiny, strengthening nationalism among Americans of European descent; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were all markets in which American businesses could sell their manufactured products; Harbors in the Philippines enabled the United States to maintain a presence in Asia and compete with Japan and European powers in the region.

How did imperialist countries justify their territorial expansion?

Imperialist states promoted the idea that they were helping colonized territories by bringing them the benefits of advanced civilization; Imperialist leaders justified their actions on the basis that other races were inherently inferior and, therefore, fair game for conquest; Imperialist states believed that global competition for resources was inevitable and that they needed to claim new territories in order to compete against rival countries.

How did Japan's experience with imperialism differ from China's?

Japanese reformers successfully replaced the Tokugawa shogunate with a reformist government, whereas Chinese reformers were unable to institute significant changes; The American military arrived in Japan after China lost the Opium War, so Japan was able to learn from China's experience with imperial pressure.

What can be said about the Borders made in Africa?

Little to no regard was made to the local regions in the area.

How did European nation-states build a sense of collective identity among their populations?

National identities in Europe were fostered through shared CULTURAL experiences. For example, LITERATE URBAN POPULATIONS met in public spaces to discuss current issues. This process generated PUBLIC OPINION, a shared set of ideas that informed and legitimized political action. In GERMANY AND ITALY, where national populations spoke different dialects, elites emphasized their shared LITERARY AND MUSICAL traditions.

Putting the sequence of the Meiji Restoration in order

Shogunate ruled, Perry enters, Angrily signs treaty, Meiji Restoration helps out economy/things in general, Beats out Russia

What can be said about this map of railroads?

The tracks themselves are evidence of large-scale labor movements. Railroad tracks integrated distant communities into a unified system for moving commodities, people, and ideas.

Developments of the second industrial revolution overcame some of the obstacles that limited earlier development. Match each obstacle on the left with its solution on the right.

steam-powered gunboats and breech-loading rifles: Products like cocoa, coffee, and rubber grew in regions owned by Africans. limited-liability joint-stock companies; Mass production required tremendous amounts of capital and organization: overland and undersea telegraph lines; Giant companies needed up-to-date information about supply lines and markets. railroads and steam-powered ships: Energy resources (like coal) and raw materials (like rubber) were often located far from communities of skilled workers;

True or false: The technological developments of the second industrial revolution made the primary goods of the first industrial revolution (coal, iron, cotton, wool, and wheat) largely unimportant.

False

What was the purpose of building railroad lines, like this one, in India?

The British built railroads to facilitate economic and political control of the region.

True or false: Imperialism was the practice of extending the power of a state into additional territory for the benefit of the imperial power.

True

Economic growth was closely associated with the consolidation of nation-states in the second half of the nineteenth century. Which statement accurately describes this relationship?

By creating unified legal systems, governments supported the growth of business organizations, like limited-liability joint-stock companies.

Put the phases in the colonization of Africa into order, beginning with events in the 1880s.

-European countries, the US, and the Ottoman Empire met to form agreements about claiming African territories; European states and corporate ventures used military force to solidify their claims to African territories; Soldiers-for-hire, settlers, and businessmen established themselves in the territorial claims, attempting to enrich themselves; Africans resisted the exploitation of colonial settlers; European governments established more organized, but still exploitative, colonial governments to make colonies more stable and more productive.

How did Leopold II and Belgium profit from control of the Congo?

King Leopold II used PHYSICAL VIOLENCE to compel residents of the Congo River basin to work collecting RUBBER and hunting elephants. Leopold used the profits to build PARKS, AVENUES, AND CASINOS in BELGIUM. As many as 50 PERCENT of the people in Congo were killed in this process, either through conflicts with armed forces or through FAMINE.

What enabled the United States to develop as a nation-state during the nineteenth century?

The Civil War established the federal government's power over individual states.; The United States used its military power to take new territory from indigenous peoples.; The government invested in infrastructure to connect the nation to its new territories.

Which of the following strategies did local elites commonly use to build nations in this period?

They enforced a unified set of laws throughout their territory; They instituted universal, compulsory military service; They developed infrastructure, such as railroad systems and time zones, to support unified national markets.

Match each group of people with the places that depended on their labor.

railroads in the western United States, sugar plantations in Cuba:Chinese workers; sugar plantations in the Caribbean, mines in South Africa, railroads in East Africa: Indian workers; factories in North American cities: Irish, Polish, Greek, Jewish, and Italian workers

Match each statement with the imaginary person who would have been most likely to say it. Pay attention to the perspective of the speaker, the descriptions of the events, and when they happened.

Korean Person; 1876 Filipino Person: 1898 Indian Person: 1857 Chinese Person: 1895