Chapter 19 M

Why did member of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?

A group of radicals and moderates in the convention knew they might be the next people that Robespierre sent to the guillotine. They howled him down while he was speaking and it was his turn to be guillotined the next day.

What happened during the 'Hundred Days' in France?

After brooding over his failed attempt at European domination on the island of Elba, Napoleon returned to France with vengence on the mind. He sought to regain control of his empire, but to no avail. After temporary chaos, Louis XVIII came out of hiding and the allies re-banished him to the island of St. Helena off the coast of Africa

What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System

Although Napoleon's Continetal System was originally intended to wreak havoc on the British trade economy. This tactic turned out to be counterproductive; the British were provoked into producing a counter-blockade which harmed the French economy.

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)?

Mary Wollstonecraft A Vindication of the Rights of Man, a blistering attack to Reflections on the Revolution in France, and two years later she wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in which she demanded equal rights for women (this book became a founding text of the feminist movement).

What was Napoleon's Grand Empire?

Napoleon's Grand Empire consisted of the three main groups: land he conquered from Belgium, Northern Italy, the Netherlands, and Germany; the satellite kingdoms that were controlled by family members of Napoleon; and Austria, Prussia and Russia, the then allies of France that helped him encompass virtually all of Europe

What is Napoleon's background prior to coming to power in France?

Napoleon was born unto a struggling family of nobles. He always had a knack for military tactics and moved his way up in the French military as he experienced continued success in battle.

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?

The directory continued to support French military expansion abroad because war was no longer so much a crusade as a response to economic problems. Large, victorious armies reduced unemployment at home.

What caused the life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain?

Whe Louis XVI was convicted of treason, the Girondists didn't want to put him to death, but the mountain did and they won.

What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?

The ideas of the individual rights of man and the security of wealth and property were incorperated. Although these ideals were maintained, women lost much of the traction they had gained in earlier stages of the revolution.

By July 1794, how had the central government in Paris managed to reassert control over the provinces and gain momentum against the First Coalition?

This change of fortune was due to the revolutionary governments success in harnessing the explosive forces of a planned economy, revolutionary terror, and modern nationalism in a total war effort.

How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?

Bonaparte consolidated his power by gaining the favor of the people. He strengthened many of the reforms of the Revolution and limited the power of the church. By eliminating competition as he expanded territoraly, Napoleon was able to become even more influential.

As the Jacobins gained power, what was their reaction to the women's political activity?

The jacobins took actions to suppress women's participation in political debate, which the perceived as disorderly and a distraction from their proper place in the home.

How did the French armies during the French Revolution offer a mixed message to the people they conquered?

. French armies chased princes, abolished feudalism, and found support among the middle class and peasants. But French armies also lived off the land, requisitioned food and supplies and plundering local treasures. The liberators increasingly began to look like foreign invaders.

How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the French Revolution change over the revolution's first two years?

At first Europe saw Revolution in France as weakening a competing power but later on began to fear the outcome and events to come.

How did the delegates to the Legislative Assembly that convened in Oct. 1791 differ from the delegates to the Estates General/National Assembly?

East General + National Assembly was made up of mostly educated and wealthy men, but the Legislative Assembly had new delegates and different character, though they were still educated and prosperous middle class men, they were younger and less cautious.

What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety

The committee of public safety was formed to deal with threats within and outside of France. They held dictatorial power allowing them to use whatever force necessary to defend the revolution

How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholicism in France in the Napoleonic era?

The Concordat gave Catholics freedom to worship freely. However, Napoleon asserted his dominance by nominating bishops, paying the clergy and increasing his control over the church which expanded his control over France