Chapter 2: Body Structure - Medical Terminology Simplified

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RLQ (abbreviation for?)

Right Lower Quadrant

RUQ (abbreviation for?)

Right Upper Quadrant

Doppler

Ultra high-frequency sound waves and Doppler technology are used to produce audible sound of blood flowing through an artery.

abd (abbreviation for?)

abdomen

abdomin/o

abdomen

epi-

above or on

epigastric region

above or on the stomach

-duction

act of leading, bringing, conduction (movement)

-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -iac, -ior, -ous, -tic

adjective endings that mean 'pertaining to'

ant (abbreviation for?)

anterior

AP (abbreviation for?)

anteroposterior

ab-

away from

dors/o

back (of body)

poster/o

back (of body), behind, posterior

adhesion

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other

ventr/o

belly, belly side

hypochondriac region

beneath the ribs

Bx, bx (abbreviation for?)

biopsy

sepsis

body's inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate and low blood pressure.

chondr/o

cartilage

cyt/o

cell

thorac/o

chest

CXR (abbreviation for?)

chest x-ray, chest radiograph

CT (abbreviation for?)

computed tomography

anastomosis

connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

crani/o

cranium (skull)

nuclear scan

diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a a radiopharmaceutical introduced into the body (ingested, inhaled, or injected.)

What cavity separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominalopelvic cavity?

diaphragm

median (midsagittal) plane

divides the body in two exact halves (lateral) down the middle leaving equal right and left sides.

frontal (coronal) plane

divides the body in two halves front (ventral or anterior) to back (dorsal or posterior)

radiopharmaceutical

drug that contains a radioactive substance which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned.

dist/o

far, farthest

anter/o

front, anterior

inguin/o

groin

cephal/o

head

ili/o

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

Lat, lat (abbreviation for?)

lateral

lumb/o

loins (lower back)

infer/o

lower, below

MRI (abbreviation for?)

magnetic resonance imaging

medi/o

middle

abduction

movement away from the body

adduction

movement toward the body

lumbar region

near the lower back/loins

umbilical region

near the naval

proxim/o

near, nearest

cervic/o

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

nucle/o

nucleus

pelv/i and pelv/o

pelvis

-toxic

poison

PET (abbreviation for?)

positron emission tomography

PA (abbreviation for?)

posteroanterior; pernicious anemia; pulmondary artery; physician assistant

cauterize

process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate)

radiography

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.

inflammation

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

fluoroscopy

radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instea of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images

positron emission tomography (PET)

radiographic technique combining computed tomography with radiopharmaceuticals that produces a cross-sectional (transverse) image of the dispersement of radioactivity (through emission of positrons) in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism

tomography

radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section or slice, of an area, tissue or organ at a predetermined depth

computed tomography (CT)

radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

horizontal (transverse) (cross-sectional) plane

runs across the body from the right to left side and divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

-lysis

separation; destruction; loosening

later/o

side, to one side

SPECT (abbreviation for?)

single photon emission computed tomography

-logist

specialist in the study of

spin/o

spine

anatomical position

standing upright facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, with the legs parallel and the feet slightly apart with the toes pointing forward

gastr/o

stomach

-logy

study of

caud/o

tail

scan

technique for carefully studying an area, organ, or system of the body by recording and displaying an image of the area

-trans

through, across

hist/o

tissue

-ad and ad-

toward medi/ad: toward the middle or center ad/duction: movement toward the body

-verse

turning

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

type of nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image from a composite of numerous views

US (abbreviation for?)

ultrasound; ultrasonography

umbilic/o

umbilicus, navel

hypogastric region

under or below the stomach

U&L or U/L (abbreviation for?)

upper and lower

super/o

upper, above

endoscopy

visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called a endoscope

Name the 2 Dorsal cavities

1. Cranial 2. Spinal

Name the 2 Ventral cavities

1. Thoracic 2. Abdominopelvic

ultrasonography (US)

Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

LLQ (abbreviation for?)

Left Lower Quadrant

LUQ (abbreviation for?)

Left Upper Quadrant


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