Chapter 2: Body Structure - Medical Terminology Simplified
RLQ (abbreviation for?)
Right Lower Quadrant
RUQ (abbreviation for?)
Right Upper Quadrant
Doppler
Ultra high-frequency sound waves and Doppler technology are used to produce audible sound of blood flowing through an artery.
abd (abbreviation for?)
abdomen
abdomin/o
abdomen
epi-
above or on
epigastric region
above or on the stomach
-duction
act of leading, bringing, conduction (movement)
-ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -iac, -ior, -ous, -tic
adjective endings that mean 'pertaining to'
ant (abbreviation for?)
anterior
AP (abbreviation for?)
anteroposterior
ab-
away from
dors/o
back (of body)
poster/o
back (of body), behind, posterior
adhesion
band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other
ventr/o
belly, belly side
hypochondriac region
beneath the ribs
Bx, bx (abbreviation for?)
biopsy
sepsis
body's inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate and low blood pressure.
chondr/o
cartilage
cyt/o
cell
thorac/o
chest
CXR (abbreviation for?)
chest x-ray, chest radiograph
CT (abbreviation for?)
computed tomography
anastomosis
connection between two vessels; surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other
crani/o
cranium (skull)
nuclear scan
diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a a radiopharmaceutical introduced into the body (ingested, inhaled, or injected.)
What cavity separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominalopelvic cavity?
diaphragm
median (midsagittal) plane
divides the body in two exact halves (lateral) down the middle leaving equal right and left sides.
frontal (coronal) plane
divides the body in two halves front (ventral or anterior) to back (dorsal or posterior)
radiopharmaceutical
drug that contains a radioactive substance which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned.
dist/o
far, farthest
anter/o
front, anterior
inguin/o
groin
cephal/o
head
ili/o
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)
Lat, lat (abbreviation for?)
lateral
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
infer/o
lower, below
MRI (abbreviation for?)
magnetic resonance imaging
medi/o
middle
abduction
movement away from the body
adduction
movement toward the body
lumbar region
near the lower back/loins
umbilical region
near the naval
proxim/o
near, nearest
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
nucle/o
nucleus
pelv/i and pelv/o
pelvis
-toxic
poison
PET (abbreviation for?)
positron emission tomography
PA (abbreviation for?)
posteroanterior; pernicious anemia; pulmondary artery; physician assistant
cauterize
process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate)
radiography
production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source.
inflammation
protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy
fluoroscopy
radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instea of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images
positron emission tomography (PET)
radiographic technique combining computed tomography with radiopharmaceuticals that produces a cross-sectional (transverse) image of the dispersement of radioactivity (through emission of positrons) in a section of the body to reveal the areas where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism
tomography
radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section or slice, of an area, tissue or organ at a predetermined depth
computed tomography (CT)
radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
horizontal (transverse) (cross-sectional) plane
runs across the body from the right to left side and divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
-lysis
separation; destruction; loosening
later/o
side, to one side
SPECT (abbreviation for?)
single photon emission computed tomography
-logist
specialist in the study of
spin/o
spine
anatomical position
standing upright facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward, with the legs parallel and the feet slightly apart with the toes pointing forward
gastr/o
stomach
-logy
study of
caud/o
tail
scan
technique for carefully studying an area, organ, or system of the body by recording and displaying an image of the area
-trans
through, across
hist/o
tissue
-ad and ad-
toward medi/ad: toward the middle or center ad/duction: movement toward the body
-verse
turning
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
type of nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image from a composite of numerous views
US (abbreviation for?)
ultrasound; ultrasonography
umbilic/o
umbilicus, navel
hypogastric region
under or below the stomach
U&L or U/L (abbreviation for?)
upper and lower
super/o
upper, above
endoscopy
visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called a endoscope
Name the 2 Dorsal cavities
1. Cranial 2. Spinal
Name the 2 Ventral cavities
1. Thoracic 2. Abdominopelvic
ultrasonography (US)
Imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
LLQ (abbreviation for?)
Left Lower Quadrant
LUQ (abbreviation for?)
Left Upper Quadrant