Chapter 2 quiz

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of B data?

C.Direct observations require little in the way of psychological interpretation.

According to the text, which of the following would NOT be a threat to the generalizability of personality research? a. Much personality research is based on samples of college students. b. More women than men participate in research. c. Personality researchers strive to study multiple cohorts. d. Participants who show up for research studies are more conventional than individuals who do not show up.

Personality researchers strive to study multiple cohorts.

What is the best way for a researcher to judge the face validity of items on a measure?

Read and consider the content of the items.

One concern with items on measures like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is that they often lack face validity. What kind of problem does this create? a.Responses are difficult to interpret in psychological terms. b.Such items tend to make participants anxious. c.Such items raise concerns with social desirability. d.Participants can easily fake responses on the items.

a.Responses are difficult to interpret in psychological terms.

To assess the personality traits of a group of 5-year-olds, researchers use puppets to illustrate different personality traits. Children are then asked to pick the puppet that best matches their personalities. This is an example of ________ data. a.S b.I c.L d.B

a.S

Which of the following types of personality data is the MOST objective and verifiable? a.S b.I c.L d.B

c.L

Dr. Grant is creating a new measure of shyness, and she decides to include more than one item in her scale. She believes that using multiple items will lead to a more reliable measure. Dr. Grant is following which principle of measurement? a.multitrait assessment b.construct validation c.aggregation d.content validation

c.aggregation

Dr. Lane has just created a new measure to assess individuals' levels of optimism. To make sure her measure is actually assessing optimism, she gives a set of participants her measure, and then asks each of the participant's friends to rate how optimistic they are on the same scale. Dr. Lane is testing the ________ of her new measure. a.construct validity b.generalizability c.face validity d.reliability

c.face validity

At the heart of aggregation is the idea that

c.random errors cancel each other out.

The Thematic Apperception Test and the Rorschach test elicit ________ data. a.S b.I c.L d.B

d.B

The judgments that others make of your personality affect your opportunities and expectancies. Thus, these judgments have a.generalizability. b.reliability. c.validity. d.causal force.

d.causal force.

Which design is best suited for addressing the third-variable problem? a.correlational b.case study c.repeated measures d.experimental

d.experimental

Many psychologists tend to use college students as participants in their research and then assume that what they learn applies to people in general. However, this common practice may limit the a.internal validity of their studies. b.construct validity of their studies. c.ecological reliability of their research. d.generalizability of their findings

d.generalizability of their findings.

The major difference between the experimental and correlational methods is that in the experimental method the presumed causal variable is ________, whereas in the correlational method the same variable is ________.

manipulated, measured