chapter 2 test
What does a condyloid joint do?
( modified ball and socket) flexion extension abduction and adduction
Where can synchondroses be found?
1st rib attachment to sternum, ephyseal plate in children
What is the patellar ligament
Extends from the patella to the anterior tibia
True or False- Fibrocartilage unites bone in the symphysis joint?
True
What are the 3 joint classifications according to structure?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, synovial
Mitochondria
Geared towards aerobic metabolism
What is the nucleus pulpous?
Gelatinous core that helps with shock absorption and reduces compressive loads
What does the LCL do?
Helps to stabilize the lateral size of the joint
What are the major components of a synovial joint
Joint cavity, hyaline cartilage, Articular capsule, Synovial fluid, nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, Menisci,
What does a hinge joint do?
flexion and extension
What does diarthrosis mean?
freely movable
what are the 6 types of synovial joints?
gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket
What is articular cartilage made up of
hyaline cartilage
What does Synarthrosis mean
immovable
What does a ball and socket joint do?
it gives you biggest range of motion
What is synovial fluid and what does it do?
lubricates articular cartilage, removes microbes and debris, egg whites
Threshold
minimum amount of voltage to produce action potential
what is uniaxial
movement in one plane
what is biaxial
movement in two planes
What is protraction?
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
what is an example of a pivot joint
neck
Cartilaginous joints have...
no joint capsule, bones bound to each other by cartilage, synchondroses or symphyses
Lateral meniscus
on the lateral side of the tibeofemoral joint
Medial Meniscus
on the medial side of the tibiofemoral joint
What is pronation?
palms down
What does the ACL do?
prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension
What does reticular cartilage do?
prevents crushing of bone ends
What does bursae do?
reduces friction between structures
What kind of bone is the patella?
sesamoid bone
what is an example of a ball and socket joint?
shoulder and hip
What does Amphiarthrosis mean?
slightly moveable
what is non axial
slipping movements only
(Cartilaginous) Symphyses are...
strong and amphiarthrotic,
What is Arthrology?
study of joints
what are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
( Fibrous joints ) Gomphoses are...
synarthrotic, peg in socket, connecting periodontal ligament
Where can gomphoses be found?
teeth
what is an example of a saddle joint
thumb
what is another name for the MCL
tibial collateral ligament
What is the anulus fibrosus?
tough outer layer of fibrocartilage surrounds the nucleus pulpous
True or false the three knee articulations include Medial condyle to medial condyle, Lateral condyle to lateral condyle, Patella and the femur
true
What do fatty pads do?
Cushioning
what are 3 joint classifications according to function?
Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Synarthrosis
What are the types of intervertebral discs?
Anulus fibrosis, Nucleus pulposus, vertebral end plate
What do ligaments do?
Attaches bone to bone
What do tendons do?
Attaches muscle to bone
Quadriceps tendon
Attaches to the patella and continues to the tibia tuberosity
What are the components of synovial joint anatomy?
Bursae, Tendon sheaths, Fatty pads, Tendons, Ligaments
examples of symphyses
Intervertebral joints, pubic symphysis
what is multiaxial
Move in multiple planes or axes
what is supination
Palm up
What does the PCL do?
Resists posterior translation of the tibia on the femur
what does the MCL do?
Stabilizes the medial side of the joint
(fibrous joints)- Sutures are...
Synarthotic, ossified in middle age, on the skull
where is the ACL found?
The anterior surface of the Tibia
What is a herniated disc?
The nucleus pulpous breaks through the annulus fibers
examples of syndesmoses
Tib/Fib and radius/ulna
What does a gliding joint do?
allows one bone to slide over another
What does a pivot joint do?
allows rotation
(Cartilaginous)Synchondroses are..
almost all synarthrotic, plates of hyaline
Synovial joints...
are most common, include almost all limb joints, have a joint capsule, diarthrotic
(Fibrous joints) Syndesmoses are...
bone bound by ligaments, Amphiarthotic,
What does a saddle joint do?
circumducts the thumb
Fibrous joints have...
collagen fibers in the space between bones, no joint capsule, sutures, gomphoses, syndesmosomes
What is opposition?
diagonal movement of thumb across the palmar surface of the hand to make contact with the fifth digit
What are tendon sheaths?
elongated bursae wrapped around tendons to reduce friction
