Chapter 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting Gastrointestinal Tract
Which of the following foods is most associated with the diarrheal form of B. cereus exotoxin food poisoning? Cooked meats Cooked vegetables Fried rice Custard
Cooked vegetables
Which of the following are symptoms of Giardia infection? Multiple select question. High fever Dizziness Flatulence Abdominal pain Diarrhea of long duration Short episodes of diarrhea
Flatulence Abdominal pain Diarrhea of long duration
Which of the following foods is most frequently associated with the emetic form of B. cereus exotoxin disease? Ground beef Fried rice Custards Leafy greens
Fried rice
Which of the following characteristics describe H. pylori? Multiple select question. Gram-positive Gram-negative Gram variable curved rod closely related to Campylobacter Coccus
Gram-negative curved rod closely related to Campylobacter
Cysticercosis occurs when which of the following occurs? Humans ingest tapeworm-infected meat. Humans ingest tapeworm eggs. Tapeworms penetrate skin in the feet. Tapeworms are passed from mother to fetus.
Humans ingest tapeworm eggs.
Which of the following are true of the Shiga toxin? Multiple select question. It is heat-labile. It causes serious damage to the large intestine. It is only produced by Shigella dysenteriae. It is heat-stable.
It is heat-labile. It causes serious damage to the large intestine.
Which of the following are frequently associated with Clostridium perfringens contamination when they have not been cooked thoroughly? Multiple select question. Meat Fish Oysters Apples Beans
Meat Fish Beans
Identify the symptoms of gingivitis. Multiple select question. Extensive tooth loss Patches of redness Bleeding of gingiva Increased swelling Persistent bad breath
Patches of redness Bleeding of gingiva Increased swelling
Which of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter species? Multiple select question. Polar flagella Curved or spiral shaped Gram-positive Rod shaped Gram-negative
Polar flagella Curved or spiral shaped Gram-negative
Which of the following is a step to fight dental caries? Multiple select question. Use of chloride in drinking water Use of whitening agents Reduced consumption of sucrose Regular brushing and flossing
Reduced consumption of sucrose Regular brushing and flossing
Salmonella bacteria are normal intestinal biota in which animals? Multiple select question. Rodents Humans Reptiles Pigs Cattle
Rodents Reptiles Cattle
The normal biota of the gastrointestinal tract play a role in the training of the immune system to recognize microbial _______
antigens
Regular ________ and _________ and the reduced ingestion of refined sugars will prevent dental caries.
brushing flossing
Most liver transplants in the United States are due to liver failure from which hepatitis virus infection? C A H B L
c
In the U.S., the incidence of diarrhea is highest in ______
children
The range of symptoms of salmonellosis includes all of the following except which one? constipation vomiting septicemia fever mucosal irritation bloody stools
constipation
Which of the following is the most common infectious disease of humans? pneumonia dental caries gastroenteritis tuberculosis
dental caries
Inflammation of gum tissue is the initial stage of periodontal disease and is called which of the following? dental caries calculus rhinitis gingivitis
gingivitis
Which of the following is an viral inflammatory disease of the liver that is characterized by necrosis of hepatocytes and a disruption in liver structure interfering with bile production? hepatitis jaundice hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhosis
hepatitis
__________ is an inflammation and necrosis of the liver that often results from viral infection.
hepatitis
Which of the following is not a characteristics of shigellosis? fever bloody stools jaundice nausea intense abdominal pain
jaundice
Campylobacter ________ is the most common causative agent of campylobacter.
jejuni
Within the GI tract, which of the following organs contains the most bacteria? stomach small intestine mouth large intestine
large intestine
One of the major defenses of the GI tract is the coating of the surface with a layer of _______
mucus
Which two of the following are used in the treatment of giardiasis? Multiple select question. nitazoxanide penicillin G tinidazole streptomycin erythromycin
nitazoxanide tinidazole
In most cases of diarrhea, identification of the causative agent is _____. performed by PCR performed by culturing performed by serotyping not performed
not performed
The usual route of shigellosis is the _________ route.
oral
The endospores of Clostridium _________ that survive cooking can germinate on unrefrigerated, cooling foods such as meat, fish, and vegetables.
perfringens
The extension of gingivitis into deeper pockets around the tooth is called __________
periodontitis
S. mansoni and S. japonicum cause the disease called ________
schistosomiasis
Which of the following is the only option for the treatment of STEC? vaccine antibiotic therapy fecal transplant supportive therapy
supportive therapy
Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter is increasing in large part due to which of the following? overuse of antibiotics in pediatric patients the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry consumer demand for unpasteurized milk
the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry
Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter is increasing in large part due to which of the following? the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry consumer demand for unpasteurized milk overuse of antibiotics in pediatric patients
the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry
Which of the following is the root cause of infection by Clostridium difficile and the resulting pseudomembranous colitis? therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics ingestion of contaminated food a nosocomial infection brought on by surgery exposure to fomites that contain the bacteria
therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics
True or false: Archaea species are present in the large intestine.
true
True or false: Newborns seem to be protected from rotavirus infection by maternal antibodies. True False
true
The diarrheal form of B. cereus exotoxin food poisoning is associated with cooked meats or ________ held at _________ temperatures for long periods of time.
vegetables, warm
Emetics induce which of the following? constipation vomiting fever diarrhea
vomiting
Which of the following is not a function of normal biota in the gastrointestinal tract? digestion teach the immune system provide nutrients water absorption protection
water absorption
Which of the following can be used to prevent Giardia in humans? Avoiding infected persons UV radiation Vaccination Avoiding untreated fresh water
Avoiding untreated fresh water
In terms of its signs and symptoms, hepatitis C virus is very similar to hepatitis ________ virus but it is much more likely to become __________
B, chronic
What type of fluke causes liver schistosomiasis? Blood Skin Liver
Blood
Which of the following statements regarding Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin are correct? Multiple select question. S. aureus is salt tolerant, so foods that have been salted may still be contaminated. Heating food after possible toxin production is a good strategy. The S. aureus exotoxin is an enterotoxin. S. aureus toxin imparts a musky small to affected food products.
S. aureus is salt tolerant, so foods that have been salted may still be contaminated. The S. aureus exotoxin is an enterotoxin.
Which of the following is the causative agent of food poisoning associated with food items such as custard, sauces, and chicken salad, which have been contaminated by handling and left unrefrigerated for a few hours? Clostridioides difficile Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Vibrio cholerae
Staphylococcus aureus
List the major defenses against infection in the GI tract. Multiple select question. Surfaces coated with mucous layer Food kept moving via peristalsis in the GI tract Saliva contains lysozyme and lactoferrin Many foods and spices have an antibiotic effect Secretory Ig A Low pH maintained throughout GI tract
Surfaces coated with mucous layer Food kept moving via peristalsis in the GI tract Saliva contains lysozyme and lactoferrin Secretory Ig A
Choose all of the correct statements regarding Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin. Multiple select question. The S. aureus exotoxin is heat-stable. Salting foods is a good way to avoid S. aureus contamination. S. aureus toxin doesn't change the smell or taste of affected food products.
The S. aureus exotoxin is heat-stable. S. aureus toxin doesn't change the smell or taste of affected food products.