Chapter 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting Gastrointestinal Tract

Which of the following foods is most associated with the diarrheal form of B. cereus exotoxin food poisoning? Cooked meats Cooked vegetables Fried rice Custard

Cooked vegetables

Which of the following are symptoms of Giardia infection? Multiple select question. High fever Dizziness Flatulence Abdominal pain Diarrhea of long duration Short episodes of diarrhea

Flatulence Abdominal pain Diarrhea of long duration

Which of the following foods is most frequently associated with the emetic form of B. cereus exotoxin disease? Ground beef Fried rice Custards Leafy greens

Fried rice

Which of the following characteristics describe H. pylori? Multiple select question. Gram-positive Gram-negative Gram variable curved rod closely related to Campylobacter Coccus

Gram-negative curved rod closely related to Campylobacter

Cysticercosis occurs when which of the following occurs? Humans ingest tapeworm-infected meat. Humans ingest tapeworm eggs. Tapeworms penetrate skin in the feet. Tapeworms are passed from mother to fetus.

Humans ingest tapeworm eggs.

Which of the following are true of the Shiga toxin? Multiple select question. It is heat-labile. It causes serious damage to the large intestine. It is only produced by Shigella dysenteriae. It is heat-stable.

It is heat-labile. It causes serious damage to the large intestine.

Which of the following are frequently associated with Clostridium perfringens contamination when they have not been cooked thoroughly? Multiple select question. Meat Fish Oysters Apples Beans

Meat Fish Beans

Identify the symptoms of gingivitis. Multiple select question. Extensive tooth loss Patches of redness Bleeding of gingiva Increased swelling Persistent bad breath

Patches of redness Bleeding of gingiva Increased swelling

Which of the following are characteristics of Campylobacter species? Multiple select question. Polar flagella Curved or spiral shaped Gram-positive Rod shaped Gram-negative

Polar flagella Curved or spiral shaped Gram-negative

Which of the following is a step to fight dental caries? Multiple select question. Use of chloride in drinking water Use of whitening agents Reduced consumption of sucrose Regular brushing and flossing

Reduced consumption of sucrose Regular brushing and flossing

Salmonella bacteria are normal intestinal biota in which animals? Multiple select question. Rodents Humans Reptiles Pigs Cattle

Rodents Reptiles Cattle

The normal biota of the gastrointestinal tract play a role in the training of the immune system to recognize microbial _______

antigens

Regular ________ and _________ and the reduced ingestion of refined sugars will prevent dental caries.

brushing flossing

Most liver transplants in the United States are due to liver failure from which hepatitis virus infection? C A H B L

c

In the U.S., the incidence of diarrhea is highest in ______

children

The range of symptoms of salmonellosis includes all of the following except which one? constipation vomiting septicemia fever mucosal irritation bloody stools

constipation

Which of the following is the most common infectious disease of humans? pneumonia dental caries gastroenteritis tuberculosis

dental caries

Inflammation of gum tissue is the initial stage of periodontal disease and is called which of the following? dental caries calculus rhinitis gingivitis

gingivitis

Which of the following is an viral inflammatory disease of the liver that is characterized by necrosis of hepatocytes and a disruption in liver structure interfering with bile production? hepatitis jaundice hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhosis

hepatitis

__________ is an inflammation and necrosis of the liver that often results from viral infection.

hepatitis

Which of the following is not a characteristics of shigellosis? fever bloody stools jaundice nausea intense abdominal pain

jaundice

Campylobacter ________ is the most common causative agent of campylobacter.

jejuni

Within the GI tract, which of the following organs contains the most bacteria? stomach small intestine mouth large intestine

large intestine

One of the major defenses of the GI tract is the coating of the surface with a layer of _______

mucus

Which two of the following are used in the treatment of giardiasis? Multiple select question. nitazoxanide penicillin G tinidazole streptomycin erythromycin

nitazoxanide tinidazole

In most cases of diarrhea, identification of the causative agent is _____. performed by PCR performed by culturing performed by serotyping not performed

not performed

The usual route of shigellosis is the _________ route.

oral

The endospores of Clostridium _________ that survive cooking can germinate on unrefrigerated, cooling foods such as meat, fish, and vegetables.

perfringens

The extension of gingivitis into deeper pockets around the tooth is called __________

periodontitis

S. mansoni and S. japonicum cause the disease called ________

schistosomiasis

Which of the following is the only option for the treatment of STEC? vaccine antibiotic therapy fecal transplant supportive therapy

supportive therapy

Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter is increasing in large part due to which of the following? overuse of antibiotics in pediatric patients the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry consumer demand for unpasteurized milk

the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry

Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter is increasing in large part due to which of the following? the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry consumer demand for unpasteurized milk overuse of antibiotics in pediatric patients

the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry

Which of the following is the root cause of infection by Clostridium difficile and the resulting pseudomembranous colitis? therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics ingestion of contaminated food a nosocomial infection brought on by surgery exposure to fomites that contain the bacteria

therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics

True or false: Archaea species are present in the large intestine.

true

True or false: Newborns seem to be protected from rotavirus infection by maternal antibodies. True False

true

The diarrheal form of B. cereus exotoxin food poisoning is associated with cooked meats or ________ held at _________ temperatures for long periods of time.

vegetables, warm

Emetics induce which of the following? constipation vomiting fever diarrhea

vomiting

Which of the following is not a function of normal biota in the gastrointestinal tract? digestion teach the immune system provide nutrients water absorption protection

water absorption

Which of the following can be used to prevent Giardia in humans? Avoiding infected persons UV radiation Vaccination Avoiding untreated fresh water

Avoiding untreated fresh water

In terms of its signs and symptoms, hepatitis C virus is very similar to hepatitis ________ virus but it is much more likely to become __________

B, chronic

What type of fluke causes liver schistosomiasis? Blood Skin Liver

Blood

Which of the following statements regarding Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin are correct? Multiple select question. S. aureus is salt tolerant, so foods that have been salted may still be contaminated. Heating food after possible toxin production is a good strategy. The S. aureus exotoxin is an enterotoxin. S. aureus toxin imparts a musky small to affected food products.

S. aureus is salt tolerant, so foods that have been salted may still be contaminated. The S. aureus exotoxin is an enterotoxin.

Which of the following is the causative agent of food poisoning associated with food items such as custard, sauces, and chicken salad, which have been contaminated by handling and left unrefrigerated for a few hours? Clostridioides difficile Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cereus Vibrio cholerae

Staphylococcus aureus

List the major defenses against infection in the GI tract. Multiple select question. Surfaces coated with mucous layer Food kept moving via peristalsis in the GI tract Saliva contains lysozyme and lactoferrin Many foods and spices have an antibiotic effect Secretory Ig A Low pH maintained throughout GI tract

Surfaces coated with mucous layer Food kept moving via peristalsis in the GI tract Saliva contains lysozyme and lactoferrin Secretory Ig A

Choose all of the correct statements regarding Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin. Multiple select question. The S. aureus exotoxin is heat-stable. Salting foods is a good way to avoid S. aureus contamination. S. aureus toxin doesn't change the smell or taste of affected food products.

The S. aureus exotoxin is heat-stable. S. aureus toxin doesn't change the smell or taste of affected food products.