Chapter 21 & Interactivities

________ , painted by Eugène Delacroix, shows the passionate and freer approach in Romantic art.

The Women of Algiers

Innovators such as Giorgio de Chirico believed that art would evolve only through what means?

Exploring new subjects

True or false: The phrase "avant-garde" is a French military term for the first group of soldiers that go into battle.

true

The movement in art that describes any style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation is called ______.

expressionism

Dada or Surrealism: Portrayed the logic of dreams and irrational subjects

Surrealism

Dada or Surrealism: Salvador Dali

Surrealism

Dada or Surrealism: The Persistence of Memory

Surrealism

Gustave Courbet's massive painting A Burial at Ornans sparked many contrasting opinions when first shown in 1850. How did detractors of the work identify the painting?

"The cult of the ugly"

Fauves means what in English?

"Wild beasts"

What were the artistic elements that made a critic declare a group of artists fauves or 'wild beasts' in a 1905 art show in Paris?

Arbitrary color and an emphasis on design

What was a lingering effect of the Fauvist movement?

Artists were free to use color without feeling bound to nature.

Founded by Walter Gropius, the _____ was a school of design that focused on stripping down embellishments and the paring down to clean lines.

Bauhaus

The ______ school emphasized simple building designs that were compatible with 20th-century technology.

Bauhaus

Who created Summer's Day?

Berthe Morisot

Who had a critic write about them "no one represents impressionism with a more refined talent or with more authority?

Berthe Morisot

Realist painting sought to depict the everyday and the ordinary, a quality that can be seen in Gustave Courbet's _________

Burial at Ornans

The Impressionist painters were most concerned with what aspect in their works?

Capturing light and recording optical sensations

What type of art did Hitler prize and promote to his citizens when he was Chancellor?

Classical realism, depicting home life and Christian morals

Which artist created the painting, Impression: Sunrise, which was in part, responsible for the coining of the term Impressionism?

Claude Monet

Who captured the visual experience of a hazy sunrise over a foggy port in his work, Impression, Sunrise

Claude Monet

Who was the critic castagnary used his painting to coin the word Impressionism for the movement

Claude Monet

After the Russian Revolution of 1917, many artists in that country became part of a movement that believed that all types of art should exemplify the new ideals. This movement was called ______.

Constructivism

Developed by Picasso and Braque, _________ depicted the world in geometric terms and with simultaneous multiple perspectives.

Cubism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: Georges Braque

Cubism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Cubism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: Pablo Picasso

Cubism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: Reducing a subject to its simplest geometric forms

Cubism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: merging of figure and ground

Cubism

From where did artists in the Romanticism movement find inspiration?

Dramatic people, places and situations

What were the inspirations of Surrealist works?

Dreams Sigmund Freud Sexual drive

What are the formal elements that reveal this painting to be in the style of fauvism?

Expressive color free from constraint of nature Pictorial design prized above reality Color as an independent expression

Henry Matisse was a leader of _______, a term coined to describe "wild" tendencies in early-20th-century painting.

Fauvism

What principle ideas of the Bauhaus movement is utilized in this poster by Herbert Bayer?

Font lacking serifs Primary colors Geometric forms Industrial look

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: Umberto Boccioni

Futurism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: focus on motion and energy

Futurism

Originating in Italy, ________ sought to depict the motion and energy of life of new 20th-century machinery.

Futurism

Which artist painted many images of people from Tahiti, whom he believed were spiritually inspiring, as well as beautiful physically?

Gauguin

New York City was home to the ____________ __________ movement, which merged African heritage, the legacy of slavery, and modern urban life.

Harlem Renaissance

Followers of the De Stijl movement believed that by distilling formal elements down to the basic of line and color, art could achieve what?

Harmonious intellectual beauty

What revelation did the artist Vasili Kandinsky have that changed his painting style?

He realized that subject matter is incidental to a painting's impact.

To what was Gustave Courbet's desire to paint individuals and scenes from ordinary life in the grand artistic tradition usually reserved for gods and royalty linked?

His radical political ideas and events such as the Paris uprising

What did Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres feel was the most worthy and inspiring subject matter for a painting?

History

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Flickering strokes of paint

Impression

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Outdoor painting

Impression

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Impression

What school of artists was named for a review of their groundbreaking 1874 exhibition as the Anonymous Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, and so on?

Impressionists

What elements of realism are evident in this painting by Mary Cassatt?

It depicts a humble daily ritual.

How does Eugène Delacroix's The Women of Algiers exemplify the Romantic movement?

It features figures in a exotic setting.

Piet Mondrian was a prominent member of the De Stijl group, who prized streamlined order and geometry in art. What did he believe about nature?

It is full of irrationality and could lead to things like war

For what reasons does Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette serve as a good example of Impressionism?

Its subject matter includes the outdoors. It depicts dappled sunlight that shines and dances through the leaves.

A Neoclassical painter, Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres believed history was the best subject for art, a preference that can be seen in his work ________

Jupiter and Thetis

What notorious painting by Edouard Manet was exhibited at the Salon des Refusés?

Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe)

What was the style favored by the official art schools and institutions of the 19th century?

Neoclassicism

With its hidden brushstrokes and subject matter, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres's Jupiter and Thetis follows what artistic style?

Neoclassicism

What did artists in the Realism movement find most inspiring?

Ordinary people and the events of present-day life

Dada or Surrealism: Joan Miro

Surrealism

Which artists are credited with founding Cubism?

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

The Impressionists were among the first artists to do what activity?

Paint outdoors rather than in the studio

Which artist influenced both Picasso and Georges Braque in the development of the Cubist style?

Paul Cezanne

What artist used a technique he called "little sensations before nature," structuring his paintings with a geometric pattern of hundreds of small vivid patches of color?

Paul Cézanne

What painter's work showed a taste for the exotic, an aura of mystery, and a quest for the "primitive" ?

Paul Gauguin

Who traveled to the South Pacific to get away from "the disease of civilization"

Paul Gauguin

What is a work of art that is created out of "found" components such as a bicycle wheel or a shovel called?

Ready-made

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Everyday, ordinary events and people

Realism

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Gustav Courbet

Realism

The movement that began early in the 19th century, in opposition to both the Neoclassicism and Romanticism was called ______.

Realism

Which early 20th-century figure highly influenced the Surrealist artists?

Sigmund Freud

What aspects, in part, inspired the Futurists to create art?

Speed and energy Modern machinery

Salvador Dali's work embraced __________, a style that portrayed the illogical and incongruous nature of the dream world and the subconscious.

Surrealism

Which school of design was immediately shut down, but moved to America, when Hitler came to power in Germany?

The Bauhaus

What group of artists focused their compositions on the exploration of the mechanical motion?

The Futurists

What substance did Umberto Boccioni believe that the artist must infuse into each work of art?

The energy that surrounds us, to give life to the work

Where did American artists find their inspiration for Romanticism?

The landscape

Which are characteristics of early Cubism?

The merging figure and ground where forms blend and intersect with the background The inclusion of nontraditional elements such as "primitive" African and Iberian art The fragmentation of figures as if seen from multiple perspectives

Which did NOT inspire the artists of the Romanticism movement?

The quiet, ordinary life of a person

How does Pablo Picasso portray the women of Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?

They are flat and angular with hints of primitivism.

How did artists in the Dada movement feel that an artist should create art work?

They felt artists should be free to create however and whatever they wanted.

What painter stayed in Paris for two years, then settled in Arles, a small, rural town in the south of France

Vincent Van Gogh

What painter was known for high-key colors, agitated brushwork, and emotional intensity - evident in works such as Wheat Field and Cypress Tress

Vincent Van Gogh

Members of the Die Brücke (The Bridge) group, like Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, created compositions that included which characteristics?

Wavering contours Intense arbitrary colors

What does the word Bauhaus translate to in English?

building house

Matisse valued ______ and ______ over the accurate depiction of a subject.

color; design

Experimentation with ______ and ______ defined the avant-garde movement of the early 20th century.

color; form

Hitler created an exhibit full of what he termed _____ art that exemplified what the National Socialist Party had banned.

degenerate

Max Ernst claimed that a ______ inspired his work Two Children Are Threatened by a Nightingale.

dream

The ______ intensity of Vincent van Gogh's The Starry Night is a defining element of the painter's work, inspiring generations of artists to come.

emotional

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: Vasili Kandinsky

expressionism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: developed in Germany in the early 20th century

expressionism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: the artist's feelings take precedence over objective observation

expressionism

Expressionism, Cubism, or Futurism: use of intense, vibrant colors

expressionism

Which idea and theme did Dada and Surrealism most embrace?

silliness

Dada or Surrealism: Marcel Duchamp

Dada

Expressionism largely developed in what century and country?

20th-century Germany

Merit Oppenhiem created a Surrealist work titled Object, an example of incongruence. What are the two things that she melded together to create a sense of unease by their incompatibility?

A teacup and rabbit fur

After World War I, what did artists, designers, and architects find themselves trying collectively to see?

A world that was better than it had been before

Hitler considered what type of art to be "degenerate?"

Avant-garde

Dada or Surrealism: Provocative and absurd

Dada

Dada or Surrealism: artistic response to WWI

Dada

Dada or Surrealism: fountain

Dada

Dada or Surrealism: ready-made works

Dada

_________ describes any style or art where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation.

Expressionism

Piet Mondrian was associated with the __________ movement, which emphasized horizontal and vertical lines and primary colors.

De Stijl

The Netherlands-based movement that believed art created from basic geometric shape and primary colors would promote intellectual calmness, came from a group known as ______.

De Stijl

What inspired the Surrealists to create?

Dreams and the subconscious

Why is Thomas Cole's View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm (The Oxbow) an example of American Romanticism?

It shows majestic representations of nature.

Why was the Dada artistic movement important to future artists?

It questioned the status quo of everything, including who decides what is art.

According to the artist ______ ______, if people could be surrounded by the type of regimented rational beauty his paintings represented, the world would become more balanced and humane.

Piet Mondrian

Who was the primary artist of the De Stijl movement?

Piet Mondrian

Based off of his interest in color theory, Georges Seurat developed a technique of painting involving small dots of color placed close together and blended by the eye. What was the name of this technique?

Pointillism

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Georges Seurat

Post-Impressionism

Realism, Impression, or Post-Impressionism: Pointilism

Post-Impressionism

Dada or Surrealism: Inspired by the theories of Sigmund Freud

Surrealism

What European school of painting was American artist Mary Cassatt invited to join?

The Impressionists

Against what were the Dada artists protesting?

The middle class Business as usual

Why was it important that Marcel Breuer's armchair design was economical to produce?

To make good design affordable to everyone

Why did Hitler organize an exhibition of modernist art?

To show the purported danger and immorality of modern art.

To whom are the women of Pablo Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon advertising their services?

To us, the viewers of the painting

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation by drawing a mustache on a postcard of a famous painting called the

mona lisa

The primary element being conveyed in Umberto Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space is ______, which is highly representative of the Futurist style

motion

Marcel Duchamp caused a sensation and created what would become an iconic symbol of the Dada movement by drawing a ________ on a postcard of the Mona Lisa.

mustache