Chapter 21 Life in the Industrial Age section 1

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Henry Ford

American auto maker whose cars reached a speed of 25 miles per hour

Orville and Wilbur Wright

American brothers who designed and flew the first sustained flight using the internal combustion engine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

Robert Fulton

American inventor of the steam boat

Samuel F. B. Morse

American inventor who developed the first telegraph sending coded messages over wires - first service in 1844 between Washington and Baltimore - "Morse Code"

Alexander Graham Bell

American inventor who developed the telephone

Thomas Edison

American inventor who made the first electric light bulb - the "incandescent lamp"

What effect did his invention have on the Industrial Revolution?

Because it powers automobiles, threshers, reapers, and airplanes, it had a huge impact on transportation, farm production, and the economies of industrialized Western nations that produced these products

Henry Bessemer

British engineer who developed a new process for making steel from iron

William Cockerill

British mechanic who opened factories in Belgium in 1807 - making Belgium the second country to industrialize

Why was there a move toward monopolies?

Business leaders who dominated entire industries could squeeze out competing companies and charge any price for a product or service

Why was electricity important to industrialization?

Electricity transformed the pace of growth during the Industrial Revolution because cities could be lit up at night and factories could run after dark. It was the power source for the machines and assembly lines that mass-produced goods, making more products faster and cheaper than ever before

Michael Faraday

English chemist who created the first simple electric motor and the first dynamo

Nikolaus Otto

German inventor of the gasoline-powered internal combustion engine

Why would specializing in specific tasks be more efficient than having a worker build an entire product from start to finish?

It is more efficient for workers to be in charge of one task than to require them to master every task that needs to be done, particularly in producing complex products such as automobiles

Guglielmo Marconi

Italian pioneer who invented the radio

Alessandro Volta

Italian scientist who developed the first battery (1800)

What are the benefits of regulating monopolies?

Regulations would allow for competition, better pricing, and fair business practices

Alfred Nobel

Swedish chemist who invented dynamite, an explosive much safer than others used at the time

How did industrialization affect these nations?

The factory system allowed more people to buy cheaper goods than ever before; industrialization bolstered the economy by creating jobs; industrialized Western nations grew in power

How did Belgium, Germany, France, and the United States industrialize?

They had abundant supplies of natural resources, and they were able to borrow the ideas and technology of the British

How did company owners get the capital needed to run businesses?

They sold stock and formed giant corporations

What did Nikolaus Otto invent?

a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine

cartel

a group of corporations would join forces and form an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets

What is "big business"?

a large-scale business that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods

dynamo

a machine that generates electricity

assembly line

a new method of production where workers add parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next

"big business"

an establishment that is run by entrepreneurs who finance, manufacture, and distribute goods. As time passed, some came to control entire industries

corporations

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock.

John D. Rockefeller

by gaining control of oil wells, oil refineries, and oil pipelines, he dominated the American petroleum industry

Germany and the United States

countries that thrust their way into the industrial leadership

What power source replaced steam as the main source of industrial power?

electricity

How is radio used today? Why is it important?

entertainment, news, emergency broadcasts, weather warnings, communication

Karl Benz

he had a patent for the first automobile, which had only three wheels

monopolies

huge corporate structures that controlled entire industries or areas of the economy

steel

lighter, harder, and more durable than iron, so it could be produced very cheaply - quickly became the major material used in tools, bridges, and railroads

Pawtucket, Rhode Island

location of America's first textile factory (built from plans smuggled out of Britain by Samuel Slater, an American industrial spy)

interchangeable parts

manufacturers designed products with identical components that could be used in place of one another

"robber barons"

powerful capitalists who control monopolies (negative term)

"captains of industry"

powerful capitalists who control monopolies (positive term)

stock

shares in business companies, to investors


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