chapter 22 APII
Sperm are produced by the ______ sex organs and transported to the outside of the body by the actions of ______ sex organs.
primary; accessory
What is ovulation?
process of releasing cells from the follicles
Describe the uterus.
muscular pear-shaped organ
At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles.
primary
The gonadotropins FSH and LH are released under the influence of GnRH. FSH and LH are released from the ______.
anterior pituitary gland
A woman in mid life is in the period of ______ after menstruation has ceased for a year.
menopause
What is the term for the cessation of menstruation that occurs at midlife?
menopause
The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called ___________
oocytes or eggs
The process in which egg cells (oocytes) are developed is called ____________
oogenesis
What is the name of the process that results in formation of the female gametes by meiosis?
oogenesis
In the female reproductive system, the pair of solid, ovoid structures that are located in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity are the ______.
ovaries
Which paired oval-shaped female reproductive organs lie in shallow depressions in the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?
ovaries
Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into ______.
primary follicles
Identify three functions of the organs of the female reproductive system.
produce and maintain female sex cells produce female sex hormones facilitate the development of the offspring
Indicate the three male accessory glands.
prostate seminal vesicle bulbourethral gland
The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the _______
scrotum
The external accessory organs of the male reproductive system are the ______.
scrotum and penis
Indicate the three male accessory glands.
seminal vesicle bulbourethral gland prostate
Male sex cells are called ________
sperm
Sex cells produced by the male gonads are called ______.
sperm
The male reproductive structures function to produce ___________ cells and introduce them into the vagina.
sperm, gamete, or sex
Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called _________
spermatogonia
Where are androgens produced?
testes adrenal cortex
Male reproductive functions are controlled by secretions from which three of the following?
testes anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus
Which two endocrine organs produce androgens?
testes and adrenal cortex
On average, menstrual flow begins on the ______ day of the cycle.
28th
midpiece; head; flagellum
In a mature sperm cell, the region indicated by "A" is the ______; the region of a sperm cell indicated by "B" is the ______; the region of a sperm cell indicated by "C" is the ______.
Blank 1: D Blank 2: B Blank 3: A
In the image, the fimbriae are shown by letter _________, the cervix is labeled with the letter _______, and the vagina is indicated by letter ____.
A matches Choice site of fertilization B matches Choice produces oocytes and female sex hormones C matches Choice protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy D matches Choice receives erect penis during sexual intercourse
Match each letter with the function for the organ indicated.
A- vagina B-cervix C-uterine tube D-fimbriae E-uterus
Match each letter with the term for the reproductive structure.
The nipple is located near the tip of each breast at about the level of the ______ and it is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called ______.
fourth intercostal space; areola
After ovulation, the remnants of the follicle that released the oocyte form a temporary glandular structure in the ovary called a ______ that secretes estrogen and progesterone.
corpus luteum
What is the term for a female's first menstrual period?
menarche
The average length of the female reproductive cycle is ______ days.
28
Why is the term sexually transmitted infection replacing the term sexually transmitted disease?
Because a person may transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.
Most androgens are produced by the __________ cells of the testes, but the adrenal ___________ also synthesizes small amounts.
Blank 1: interstitial or Leydig Blank 2: cortex
What are spermatogonia?
Cells with 46 chromosomes that will become sperm cells.
Maturation of ovarian follicles is stimulated by the hormone called ______.
FSH
Name the hormone that stimulates maturation of follicles within the ovaries.
FSH
During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.
False
Only females have mammary glands.
False
Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why?
Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females.
Which event occurs on about day 14 of the ovarian cycle?
Ovulation
Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation?
Secondary oocyte First polar body
testes, testis, or testicles
The male reproductive organ indicated by the arrow is the .
Blank 1: A Blank 2: B
The midpiece of the sperm cell is indicated by the letter ________; the head is indicated by letter ________.
Which three statements are true about erection of the penis?
The penis swells and elongates. The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins. Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue.
uterine tube
What is the reproductive structure indicated by the arrow?
The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs.
accessory
Where are androgens produced?
adrenal cortex testes
Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted.
alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple
The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the endometrium that usually begin ______ and continue until ______.
around age thirteen; around the early fifties
The lower one-third of the uterus is called the neck or ______.
cervix
What is the name for the most inferior part of the uterus, extending into the upper vagina?
cervix
The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called _________
eggs
Which layer of the uterus undergoes regular, recurring changes during the menstrual cycle?
endometrium
All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the ______.
epididymis
During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an _______
erection
The hormone that stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles is . _________ (Use abbreviation)
follicle-stimulating hormone
The process of meiosis produces ______ genetically ______ cells.
four; different
Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce?
genetically unique (different) sister chromatids
Which organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle?
hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries
Normally, where does fertilization occur?
in a uterine tube
Where does fertilization usually occur?
in the uterine tube
The term sexually transmitted ______ is replacing the term sexually transmitted ______ because a person can be infected with a pathogen and transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.
infection; disease
List three components of the vulva.
labia minora labia majora clitoris
The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 irregularly shaped ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple.
lobes; lactiferous ducts
Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in males?
luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______.
luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
After an oocyte has been ovulated, the remnants of the follicle form a structure called the corpus _______________
luteum
Organs of the female reproductive system that secrete milk following pregnancy are called glands.
mammary
The structures within the breasts of pregnant and lactating women are the ______ glands.
mammary
The process of ______ results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of ______ results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes.
meiosis; mitosis
A female's first reproductive cycle is called ___________
menarche
Which three organs secrete hormones that control the maturation of oocytes and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics?
ovary anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus
At about day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a mature follicle will rupture and release an oocyte. This process is called ____________
ovulation
The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of
ovulation
The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of ________________
ovulation
Indicate which of the following structures are male external reproductive organs.
penis scrotum
Two endocrine organs (hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland) and a male reproductive organ (__________), secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.
testes, testicle, or testis
List three female accessory sex organs.
the uterus the uterine tubes the vagina
List three female accessory sex organs.
the vagina the uterus the uterine tubes
Sperm needs to reach the ______ in order to fertilize the oocyte.
uterine tube
Name the ducts that extend from the ovaries to the uterus, conveying a fertilized ovum to the uterus.
uterine tubes
The muscular organ that opens into the vagina and functions to harbor the fetus during pregnancy is the ________
uterus
All of the following are components of the vulva except the ______.
vagina
Where does a corpus luteum form?
within the follicle that ovulated an oocyte
