chapter 22 APII

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Sperm are produced by the ______ sex organs and transported to the outside of the body by the actions of ______ sex organs.

primary; accessory

What is ovulation?

process of releasing cells from the follicles

Describe the uterus.

muscular pear-shaped organ

At puberty, FSH levels increase and the ovaries enlarge. Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles mature into ______ follicles.

primary

The gonadotropins FSH and LH are released under the influence of GnRH. FSH and LH are released from the ______.

anterior pituitary gland

A woman in mid life is in the period of ______ after menstruation has ceased for a year.

menopause

What is the term for the cessation of menstruation that occurs at midlife?

menopause

The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called ___________

oocytes or eggs

The process in which egg cells (oocytes) are developed is called ____________

oogenesis

What is the name of the process that results in formation of the female gametes by meiosis?

oogenesis

In the female reproductive system, the pair of solid, ovoid structures that are located in the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity are the ______.

ovaries

Which paired oval-shaped female reproductive organs lie in shallow depressions in the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

ovaries

Throughout a woman's reproductive years, primordial follicles first mature into ______.

primary follicles

Identify three functions of the organs of the female reproductive system.

produce and maintain female sex cells produce female sex hormones facilitate the development of the offspring

Indicate the three male accessory glands.

prostate seminal vesicle bulbourethral gland

The male external reproductive organs are the penis and the sac-like structure called the _______

scrotum

The external accessory organs of the male reproductive system are the ______.

scrotum and penis

Indicate the three male accessory glands.

seminal vesicle bulbourethral gland prostate

Male sex cells are called ________

sperm

Sex cells produced by the male gonads are called ______.

sperm

The male reproductive structures function to produce ___________ cells and introduce them into the vagina.

sperm, gamete, or sex

Undifferentiated diploid spermatogenic cells are called _________

spermatogonia

Where are androgens produced?

testes adrenal cortex

Male reproductive functions are controlled by secretions from which three of the following?

testes anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus

Which two endocrine organs produce androgens?

testes and adrenal cortex

On average, menstrual flow begins on the ______ day of the cycle.

28th

midpiece; head; flagellum

In a mature sperm cell, the region indicated by "A" is the ______; the region of a sperm cell indicated by "B" is the ______; the region of a sperm cell indicated by "C" is the ______.

Blank 1: D Blank 2: B Blank 3: A

In the image, the fimbriae are shown by letter _________, the cervix is labeled with the letter _______, and the vagina is indicated by letter ____.

A matches Choice site of fertilization B matches Choice produces oocytes and female sex hormones C matches Choice protects and sustains embryo during pregnancy D matches Choice receives erect penis during sexual intercourse

Match each letter with the function for the organ indicated.

A- vagina B-cervix C-uterine tube D-fimbriae E-uterus

Match each letter with the term for the reproductive structure.

The nipple is located near the tip of each breast at about the level of the ______ and it is surrounded by a circular area of pigmented skin called ______.

fourth intercostal space; areola

After ovulation, the remnants of the follicle that released the oocyte form a temporary glandular structure in the ovary called a ______ that secretes estrogen and progesterone.

corpus luteum

What is the term for a female's first menstrual period?

menarche

The average length of the female reproductive cycle is ______ days.

28

Why is the term sexually transmitted infection replacing the term sexually transmitted disease?

Because a person may transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

Most androgens are produced by the __________ cells of the testes, but the adrenal ___________ also synthesizes small amounts.

Blank 1: interstitial or Leydig Blank 2: cortex

What are spermatogonia?

Cells with 46 chromosomes that will become sperm cells.

Maturation of ovarian follicles is stimulated by the hormone called ______.

FSH

Name the hormone that stimulates maturation of follicles within the ovaries.

FSH

During prophase I, homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called fertilization.

False

Only females have mammary glands.

False

Although mammary glands in males and females are similar, the development of mammary glands is different in males and females. Why?

Ovarian hormones stimulate development of mammary glands in females.

Which event occurs on about day 14 of the ovarian cycle?

Ovulation

Which two cells are released from the mature antral follicle during ovulation?

Secondary oocyte First polar body

testes, testis, or testicles

The male reproductive organ indicated by the arrow is the .

Blank 1: A Blank 2: B

The midpiece of the sperm cell is indicated by the letter ________; the head is indicated by letter ________.

Which three statements are true about erection of the penis?

The penis swells and elongates. The increasing pressure of arterial blood in erectile tissue compresses the veins. Nitric oxide increases blood flow into erectile tissue.

uterine tube

What is the reproductive structure indicated by the arrow?

The uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia are examples of a female's ______ sex organs.

accessory

Where are androgens produced?

adrenal cortex testes

Select the correct sequence of components of mammary glands through which milk is secreted.

alveolar gland → alveolar duct → lactiferous duct → nipple

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by regular, recurring changes in the endometrium that usually begin ______ and continue until ______.

around age thirteen; around the early fifties

The lower one-third of the uterus is called the neck or ______.

cervix

What is the name for the most inferior part of the uterus, extending into the upper vagina?

cervix

The female reproductive system produces and maintains the female sex cells, called _________

eggs

Which layer of the uterus undergoes regular, recurring changes during the menstrual cycle?

endometrium

All of the following are accessory glands of the male reproductive system except the ______.

epididymis

During sexual stimulation, parasympathetic impulses release nitric oxide (NO) that dilates arteries of the penis causing accumulation of blood; the penis swells and elongates, producing an _______

erection

The hormone that stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles is . _________ (Use abbreviation)

follicle-stimulating hormone

The process of meiosis produces ______ genetically ______ cells.

four; different

Homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing-over. What does this process produce?

genetically unique (different) sister chromatids

Which organs control maturation of female gametes, development of secondary sex characteristics, and changes in the monthly reproductive cycle?

hypothalamus; anterior pituitary gland; ovaries

Normally, where does fertilization occur?

in a uterine tube

Where does fertilization usually occur?

in the uterine tube

The term sexually transmitted ______ is replacing the term sexually transmitted ______ because a person can be infected with a pathogen and transmit the pathogen to others but not develop the symptoms of the disease.

infection; disease

List three components of the vulva.

labia minora labia majora clitoris

The mammary glands are composed of 15-20 irregularly shaped ______, which each drain into ______ that open to the outside at the nipple.

lobes; lactiferous ducts

Which two hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in males?

luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces the anterior pituitary to secrete the two gonadotropins: ______ and ______.

luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

After an oocyte has been ovulated, the remnants of the follicle form a structure called the corpus _______________

luteum

Organs of the female reproductive system that secrete milk following pregnancy are called glands.

mammary

The structures within the breasts of pregnant and lactating women are the ______ glands.

mammary

The process of ______ results in the formation of haploid cells with one set of genetic instructions carried on 23 chromosomes, while the process of ______ results in the formation of diploid cells with two sets of 23 chromosomes.

meiosis; mitosis

A female's first reproductive cycle is called ___________

menarche

Which three organs secrete hormones that control the maturation of oocytes and the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics?

ovary anterior pituitary gland hypothalamus

At about day 14 of the ovarian cycle, a mature follicle will rupture and release an oocyte. This process is called ____________

ovulation

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of

ovulation

The rupture of the mature follicle and the release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body occur during the process of ________________

ovulation

Indicate which of the following structures are male external reproductive organs.

penis scrotum

Two endocrine organs (hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland) and a male reproductive organ (__________), secrete hormones that maintain sperm cell production and oversee the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.

testes, testicle, or testis

List three female accessory sex organs.

the uterus the uterine tubes the vagina

List three female accessory sex organs.

the vagina the uterus the uterine tubes

Sperm needs to reach the ______ in order to fertilize the oocyte.

uterine tube

Name the ducts that extend from the ovaries to the uterus, conveying a fertilized ovum to the uterus.

uterine tubes

The muscular organ that opens into the vagina and functions to harbor the fetus during pregnancy is the ________

uterus

All of the following are components of the vulva except the ______.

vagina

Where does a corpus luteum form?

within the follicle that ovulated an oocyte


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