Chapter 22 Lab
How much of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans?
Almost all of Earth's surface water exists in the oceans.
What is the relationship between water currents and cross beds?
Cross beds sit at an angle to current direction.
Where do deposition and erosion of material occur along a meander?
Deposition occurs on the inside of the meander, whereas erosion occurs on the outside.
Which of the following statements is true about erosion?
Erosion varies from place to place.
What would happen to atmospheric water if Earth were mostly covered with land?
The atmosphere would contain less water.
What does the hydrologic cycle describe?
The hydrologic cycle describes how liquid and gaseous water move between the ocean, atmosphere, and land.
What would happen to the oceans if surface runoff and groundwater flow did NOT occur?
The oceans would become smaller.
How does the water table change around a pumping water well?
The water table elevation decreases.
Where do valleys tend to form in a landscape?
Valleys form where rock layers are easily erodible (soft).
Why do dunes migrate?
Wind erodes material on the back side of the dune and deposits it on the front side of the dune.
What is a floodplain?
a flat surface next to a river channel
What is a meander scar?
a landscape feature formed after an oxbow lake dries up
What is an oxbow lake?
a meander that has been cut off from the original stream channel
What is a natural levee?
a ridge of flood deposits next to a river channel
Where is most of Earth's freshwater found?
as ice at Earth's surface
What are the three types of loads carried by streams?
bed load, suspended load, dissolved load
Complete this analogy: Bouncing is to sand as suspension is to_____________.
clay
What is the dominant fluvial process in a clear, sediment-poor stream moving down a steep slope?
downcutting
Which of the following are part of the bed load? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.
gravel sand
What are cross beds?
inclined layers in sediment or sedimentary rocks that reveal the direction of wave or wind transport
Complete this analogy: Sliding is to gravel as dissolution is to_____________.
ions
What type of stream is associated with the formation of an oxbow lake?
meandering stream
Which ocean is Earth's largest?
the Pacific Ocean
What is suspended load?
the fine-grained particles that travel in the water column above the stream bed
What do cross beds represent?
the moving front of a ripple or dune
What is dust?
the particles carried in suspension by wind
What is the cone of depression?
the shape that the water table takes on near a pumping well
Which processes result in the widening of the floodplain of a meandering stream?
undercutting and lateral erosion
When will a cone of depression stop enlarging?
when the amount of water flowing toward the well equals the amount of water being pumped out of the well
When might a well, Well A, go dry?
when the cone of depression of a second well intersects the deepest part of Well A
How does the formation of a natural levee impact flooding?
Natural levees raise the height of the stream channel, reducing the amount of flooding that will occur on the floodplain.
How does water get from the oceans onto land?
Ocean water evaporates to form gaseous water and moves into the atmosphere, where it condenses into liquid water and falls out of the atmosphere to land as rain.
How are oxbow lakes formed?
Oxbow lakes form when one meander erodes into another, cutting off water to part of the stream channel.
How can pieces of rock in contact with a stream bed move?
rolling, sliding, bouncing
How do pieces of rock move under the influence of wind?
rolling, sliding, bouncing, suspension
What property of a piece of material will most directly determine how it is carried by wind?
size