Chapter 22- Respiratory system
How many lobes make up the left lung?
2
How many lobes make up the right lung?
3
Gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs in what?
Alveoli
The respiratory division of the respiratory system includes which of the following?
Alveoli
The nasal vestibule is located in what portion of the nasal cavity?
Anterior
Where is the trachea located?
Anterior to the esophagus
Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one tertiary bronchus?
Bronchopulmonary segment
What best describes the supportive structure of the trachea?
C-Shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage
The layer of the respiratory membrane that is furthest away from the alveolar air spaces is the membrane of the __________.
Capillary endothelial cell
The heart indents into the _____ of the left lung.
Cardiac notch
The majority of the external (facial) features of the nose are supported by what?
Cartilage
Which features are associated with the tracheal epithelium?
Cillia; pseudostratified columnar cells; mucous; goblet cells
What is the role of the epiglottis?
Covers the glottis when swallowing
Which ring-shape carilage forms the inferior part of the voice box?
Cricoid cartilage
what is paired laryngeal cartilage that is not involved in movement of the vocal folds?
Cuneiform
The _____ is an elastic cartilage structure in the larynx which helps prevent food from entering the airway during swallowing.
Epigottis
The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the _____.
Larynx
Which bronchus is about 5 cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side?
Left main bronchus
What term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one secondary bronchus?
Lobe
Microscopic examination of lung tissue from patient who died from bacterial pneumonia would reveal large numbers of _________.
Macrophages
What is the respiratory membrane?
Membrane through which gasses are exchanged in the alveolus
What is the correct order of structures the air would move through?
Nares: Vestibule: Nasal Cavity: Nasopharynx: oropharynx: Laryngopharynx: Larynx: Trachea: Primary Bronchus: Secoundary Bronchus: Tertiary Bronchus: Bronchiole: Terminal Bronchiole: Respiratory Bronchiole: Alveolar duct: ALveolar sac: Alveolus
The ___________ is the portion of the pharynx found superior to the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity.
Nasopharynx
Whats the anterior openings of the nasal cavity?
Nostrils; nares
The __________ tonsils are found in the nasopharynx
Pharyngeal
Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by what?
Pharynx, oral cavity, tongue, lips (NOT BY THE EPIGLOTTIS)
Which structures are part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?
Pharynx;larynx; trachea; main bronchi; Aleoli
Which term refers to the double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung?
Pleurae
What term refers to the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?
Pleural cavity
Which tissue lines the nasopharynx?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the________.
Pulmonary artery
What is the function of pulmonary surfactant?
Reduces surface tension
The majority of the surfaces of the nasal cavity are lined with what?
Respiratory Epithelium
Aspirated objects that enter the trachea are more likely to lodge in which primary bronchus?
Right
The nasal _________ separates the nasal cavity into left and right halves.
Septum
The pleurae are which type of membrane?
Serous
What airway supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lung?
Tertiary bronchus
The right lung has how many secondary bronchi?
Three
The laryngeal prominence (adams apple) is anterior peak on the _____ cartilage, the largest laryngeal cartilages.
Thyroid
Which structure conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi?
Trachea
What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea; Alveoli; Bronchi
Which are squamous cells, primarily responsible for forming respiratory membrane of the lung?
Type 1 alveolar cells
The majority of the alveolar surface is covered by ___________ which are classified as simple squamous epithelial cells.
Type I alveolar cells
Premature infants typically have trouble keeping their alveoli inflated because their production of surfactant by ____________ is insufficient
Type II alveolar cells
Which structures do not function in the production of speech, but instead is primarily responsible for closing the larynx during swallowing?
Vestibular folds
When do vocal cords produce low pitched sounds?
When they are relaxed
Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by __________ of the respiratory tract.
goblet cells
The palatine and lingual tonsils are located along the walls of the __________.
oropharynx
The visceral __________ covers the lung surface.
pleura
