Chapter 22- Respiratory system

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How many lobes make up the left lung?

2

How many lobes make up the right lung?

3

Gas exchange between the air and the blood occurs in what?

Alveoli

The respiratory division of the respiratory system includes which of the following?

Alveoli

The nasal vestibule is located in what portion of the nasal cavity?

Anterior

Where is the trachea located?

Anterior to the esophagus

Which term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one tertiary bronchus?

Bronchopulmonary segment

What best describes the supportive structure of the trachea?

C-Shaped rings composed of hyaline cartilage

The layer of the respiratory membrane that is furthest away from the alveolar air spaces is the membrane of the __________.

Capillary endothelial cell

The heart indents into the _____ of the left lung.

Cardiac notch

The majority of the external (facial) features of the nose are supported by what?

Cartilage

Which features are associated with the tracheal epithelium?

Cillia; pseudostratified columnar cells; mucous; goblet cells

What is the role of the epiglottis?

Covers the glottis when swallowing

Which ring-shape carilage forms the inferior part of the voice box?

Cricoid cartilage

what is paired laryngeal cartilage that is not involved in movement of the vocal folds?

Cuneiform

The _____ is an elastic cartilage structure in the larynx which helps prevent food from entering the airway during swallowing.

Epigottis

The upper respiratory tract extends from the nose through the _____.

Larynx

Which bronchus is about 5 cm long and slightly narrower and more horizontal than the one on the opposite side?

Left main bronchus

What term refers to the portion of the lung ventilated by one secondary bronchus?

Lobe

Microscopic examination of lung tissue from patient who died from bacterial pneumonia would reveal large numbers of _________.

Macrophages

What is the respiratory membrane?

Membrane through which gasses are exchanged in the alveolus

What is the correct order of structures the air would move through?

Nares: Vestibule: Nasal Cavity: Nasopharynx: oropharynx: Laryngopharynx: Larynx: Trachea: Primary Bronchus: Secoundary Bronchus: Tertiary Bronchus: Bronchiole: Terminal Bronchiole: Respiratory Bronchiole: Alveolar duct: ALveolar sac: Alveolus

The ___________ is the portion of the pharynx found superior to the soft palate at the back of the oral cavity.

Nasopharynx

Whats the anterior openings of the nasal cavity?

Nostrils; nares

The __________ tonsils are found in the nasopharynx

Pharyngeal

Crude sounds are formed into intelligible speech by what?

Pharynx, oral cavity, tongue, lips (NOT BY THE EPIGLOTTIS)

Which structures are part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Pharynx;larynx; trachea; main bronchi; Aleoli

Which term refers to the double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung?

Pleurae

What term refers to the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleurae?

Pleural cavity

Which tissue lines the nasopharynx?

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Each alveolus is surrounded by a web of blood capillaries supplied by the________.

Pulmonary artery

What is the function of pulmonary surfactant?

Reduces surface tension

The majority of the surfaces of the nasal cavity are lined with what?

Respiratory Epithelium

Aspirated objects that enter the trachea are more likely to lodge in which primary bronchus?

Right

The nasal _________ separates the nasal cavity into left and right halves.

Septum

The pleurae are which type of membrane?

Serous

What airway supplies air to a single bronchopulmonary segment of the lung?

Tertiary bronchus

The right lung has how many secondary bronchi?

Three

The laryngeal prominence (adams apple) is anterior peak on the _____ cartilage, the largest laryngeal cartilages.

Thyroid

Which structure conducts air from the larynx to the primary bronchi?

Trachea

What are the components of the lower respiratory tract?

Trachea; Alveoli; Bronchi

Which are squamous cells, primarily responsible for forming respiratory membrane of the lung?

Type 1 alveolar cells

The majority of the alveolar surface is covered by ___________ which are classified as simple squamous epithelial cells.

Type I alveolar cells

Premature infants typically have trouble keeping their alveoli inflated because their production of surfactant by ____________ is insufficient

Type II alveolar cells

Which structures do not function in the production of speech, but instead is primarily responsible for closing the larynx during swallowing?

Vestibular folds

When do vocal cords produce low pitched sounds?

When they are relaxed

Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by __________ of the respiratory tract.

goblet cells

The palatine and lingual tonsils are located along the walls of the __________.

oropharynx

The visceral __________ covers the lung surface.

pleura


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