Chapter 23 digestive system

Gastric reflux or regurgitation causes acidic stomach contents are back up in the

esophagus

The act of swallowing directs food from the pharynx into the

esophagus

A small piece of mucous membrane called the __anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

frenulum

A rhythmic alternating contraction and relaxation of the digestive muscles is

peristalsis.

Which of the following is most likely to result in peritonitis?

ruptured appendix

Parotid, submandibular, and subguinal are are words that describe

salivary glands

parotid, submandibular, sublingual are words that describe

salviary glands

Which of the follow is not a function of the liver?

secretes cholecystokinin and secretin

The pancreas

secretes the most potent digestive enzymes

Which of the following is true regarding the stomach?

the most important function is to deliver chyme to the duodenum at the proper rate

Why are medications absorbed rapidly when administered sublingually (under the tongue)?

the rich supply of blood vessels under the tongue absorbs the drug

Which of the following is true of trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and pepsinogen?

the yare inactive protease

Which of the autonomic nerve is the most important with the regard to gastrointestinal secretion and motility?

vagus

With which of the following are chyle and lacteal most associated?

villus

If the peristalsis in the large intestine slows

water absorption across the wall of the colon increases, thereby causing a dry or constipated stool

Duodenum

_ Place in this part of the small intestine where most digestion and absorption occur

Vagus

_ Primary autonomic nerve that supplies the GI tract

HCl

_ Responsible for the gastric pH

Cecum

_ Structure to which the appendix is attached

Disaccharidases

_ Sucrase, lactase, maltase

Protease(s)

_ Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen

Ileocecal

_ Valve between the small and large intestines

LES

_ Valve involved with gastric reflux

Which of the following is not descriptive of bile?

a classified as a lipase

Which of the following best describes emulsification?

a large fat globule is mechanically broken into smaller fat globules

Bile canaliculi

are located in the liver. receive bile from the liver lobules. discharge the bile into the hepatic ducts.

The mesentery, omentum, and peritoneal membranes

are serous membranes located within the abdominal cavity

This hormone is secreted by the walls off the duodenum; it slows gastric emptying, stimulates the secretion pancreatic enzymes, and stimulates the release of bite by the gallbladder.

cholecystokinin

The fat in the duodenum stimulates the release of

cholecystokinin.

The esophagus

is a hollow tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

the esophagus

is a tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach

CCK (cholecystokinin)

is secreted by the walls of the duodenum in response to the presence of fat

Which of the following is not descriptive of bile? Aids in fat digestion Emulsification Classified as a lipase Stored by the gallbladder

Classified as a lipase

Which group is incorrect? GI hormones: CCK, secretin, gastrin. Proteases: pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin. Disaccharidases: sucrose, maltose, lactose. Sphincters: LES, pyloric, anal.

Disaccharidases: sucrose, maltose, lactose.

Which of the following are found in gastric juice?

HCl, pepsinogen, iinstrict factor

Which group is incorrect? Parts of the small intestine: duodenum, jejunum, ilium Parts of the colon, ascending, descending, transverse, sigmoid Parts of the biliary tree: cystic duct, common bile duct, hepatic ducts. GI hormones: gastrin, CCK, secretin, bile tend to cause a spike in blood glucose.

GI hormones: gastrin, CCK, secretin, bile tend to cause a spike in blood glucose.

Which statement is false regarding the large intestine?

It secretes important enzymes that complete protein digestion.

Which group is correct? Layers of the GI tract: mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, sigmoidal Layers of the peritoneum: greater and lesser omentum, mesentery, mesocolon. Salivary glands: parotid, sublingual, Peyer's patches. Parts of the stomach: greater and lesser curvatures, fundus, pylorus, cecum.

Layers of the peritoneum: greater and lesser omentum, mesentery, mesocolon.

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

Synthesis of plasma proteins, especially albumin

Bile

_ Mechanically breaks a large fat globule into many smaller fat globules

Stomach

_ Organ that secretes bile

Pancreas

_ Organ that secretes the most important digestive enzymes

Chyme

_ Paste-like mixture that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine

Which of the following is false regarding the salivary glands?

They secrete the most important of the digestive enzymes.

Colon

_ Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Intrinsic factor

_ Deficiency causes pernicious anemia

Lipase

_ Enzyme that splits fats into fatty acids and glycerol

Amylase(s)

_ Enzymes that digest carbohydrates and starches to the disaccharide stage

Esophagus

_ Food tube, from pharynx to stomach

Gastrin

_ Hormone secreted by the stomach; causes the secretion of HCl

Secretin

_ Hormone secreted by the walls of the duodenum; stimulates the pancreas to secrete a bicarbonate-rich secretion

Cholecystokinin

_ Hormone secreted by the walls of the duodenum; stimulates the pancreas to secrete important digestive enzymes

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

absorption of water and some electrolytes

The ducts that connect the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum are called the

biliary tree.

hematemesis and coffee grounds appearing vomitus are most associated with?

bleeding

What nervous statement is true about the GI tract?

blockade of vagal activity slows peristalsis & decreases GI secretions

Chyme is

delivered to the duodenum by the stomach

An amylase

digest carbohydrates

The duodenum and proximal jejunum are most concerned with

digestion and absorption

The duodenum and the first third of the jejunum are most associated with

digestion and absorption

Lipases, proteases, and amylases are

digestive enzymes

organ receives chyme from the stomach and secretions from the liver and pancreas?

duodenum

Most digestion and absorption occur in the

duodenum and first third of the jejunum.

Which of the following is not true of the biliary tree?

empties bile into the portal vein

gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin are

gastrointestinal hormones

Villi and microvilli are important structures because they

increase the amount of digested food that can be absorbed.

The LES is

located at the base of the esophagus

Because hepatic function declines with age, which statement describes an older adult....

may require a smaller dosage of a drug

Peristalsis

moves food along the digestive tract

The liver performs the following functions except

secretion of trypsinogen and pepsinogen.

Which of the following is correct regarding the presence of dietary fat in the duodenum?

slows gastric motility

Cholelithiasis is

stones in the gallbladder.

Bile is

stored by the gallbladder and released in response to CCK

The gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile