Chapter 24

Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?

Mastication of food

Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.

The enteric plexus

controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract

Bile

digests proteins in the small intestine

Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption

ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

The abdominal cavity vis lined with

parietal peritoneum

LDL's are taken into a cell by the process of

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following is located closest to the rectum?

sigmoid colon

Feces consists of:

All of the above

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?

The pancreatic ancinar cells secrete digestive enzymes

Functions of the liver include

all of the above

A large amount of fat accumulates in the

greater omentum

The esophagus

has a lower sphincter to regulate movement of food

Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

All of the above

Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?

All of these organs are retroperitoneal

What muscle forms the cheeks?

Buccinator muscle

Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?

CO2 and H2O --> carbohydrates

Which of the following is a function performed by the digestive system?

Elimination of undigested food

What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?

Esophagus

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

Esophagus

Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of?

Lipids

Bile is produced by the cells of the?

Liver

Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?

Liver

Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?

Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following structures has both endocrine and exocrine tissue?

Pancreas

Which of the following is associated with the tongue?

Papillae and taste buds

The role of acetylcholine in the digestive tract is to ___, while the role of norepinephrine is too ___.

Stimulate, inhibit

Which of the following enzymes is found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?

Trypsin

Parasympathetic nerves extend to the digestive tract through the ___ nerve.

Vagus

The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is?

absorption

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in

absorption of food

How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?

active transport

The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the?

active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.

Which of the following is an end product of protein digestion?

amino acids

The pancreatic islets

are endocrine glands

Chylomicrons

are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) ascending colon (2) descending colon (3) sigmoid colon (4) transverse colon

ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon

Which of the following is NOT part of a portal triad?

central vein

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the _____ phase.

cephalic

What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

changing the tongue shape during swallowing

The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone

cholecystokinin

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called

chyme

Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent

chyme from entering the large intestine.

A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is?

chymotrypsin

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestion tract is?

composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

The mucosa of the colon?

contains many mucus-secreting goblet cells

One of the major functions of the large intestine is to?

convert chyme to feces

What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?

cystic duct

Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include

disaccharidases

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

duodenum and jejunum

The major stimulus for the release of cholecystokinin is the presence of __ in the intestine

fatty acids and other lipids

Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent

food from entering the small intestine

The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the

gastric phase of gastric secretion

Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?

gastrin

Inflammation of the gums is called

gingivitus

Insulin increases the rate of __ transport into cells

glucose

The anal canal

has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle.

The hepatic sinusoids

have mixed venous and arterial blood

Nutrient-Rich blood from the digestive tract come to the liver by the way of the

hepatic portal vein

What portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach?

ileum

The villi and microvilli function to

increase surface area for absorption

Emulsification

increases surface area for lipid digestion

Mastication

increases the surface area of food particles.

Pepsinogen

is the precursor of active pepsin

If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of the following classes of nutrients would not enter the circulatory system at their normal rate?

lipids

Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called

mass movements

Small droplets of digested lipids surrounded by bile salts are called?

micelles

What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?

mixing of intestinal contents

The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are

moistening and starch digestion

Saliva

moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?

mucosa

Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?

mucosa

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

The major secretion of the large intestine is?

mucus

What are the two major neurotransmitters of the ENS in the digestive tract?

norepinephrine and acetylcholine

What muscle forms the lips?

orbicularis oris muscle

The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the

oropharynx

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is

pancreatic juice

Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?

parietal cells--produce hydrochloric acid

The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the

parotid glands

Which of the following enzymes digests protein?

pepsin

The ___ helps hold a tooth in its socket.

periodontal ligament

Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach?

proper environment for functioning of pepsin

The movement of food through the digestive tract is

propulsion

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: (1) dipeptide (2) protein (3) amino acid (4) polypeptide

protein, polypeptide, dipeptide, amino acid

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?

pylorus--the most inferior portion of the stomach

Reflex of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of?

relaxation of the cardiac sphincter

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be

retroperitoneal

When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.

secretin

A mixing contraction in the small intestine is called

segmental contraction

Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the

small intestine

Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the

small intestine

What is the function of the gallbladder?

stores and concentrates bile

Which of the following is mismatched?

sympathetic nerve fibers - increase intestinal motility

Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?

synthesize bile

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with its substrate?

trypsin-nucleic acid

Monosaccharides

use a symport process in their absorption