Chapter 24
Which of the following is NOT a function of the small intestine?
Mastication of food
Why doesn't the stomach digest itself?
The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus.
The enteric plexus
controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract
Bile
digests proteins in the small intestine
Arrange the following in proper sequence: (1) digestion (2) elimination (3) ingestion (4) absorption
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination
The abdominal cavity vis lined with
parietal peritoneum
LDL's are taken into a cell by the process of
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which of the following is located closest to the rectum?
sigmoid colon
Feces consists of:
All of the above
Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?
The pancreatic ancinar cells secrete digestive enzymes
Functions of the liver include
all of the above
A large amount of fat accumulates in the
greater omentum
The esophagus
has a lower sphincter to regulate movement of food
Which of the following apply to the small intestine?
All of the above
Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?
All of these organs are retroperitoneal
What muscle forms the cheeks?
Buccinator muscle
Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?
CO2 and H2O --> carbohydrates
Which of the following is a function performed by the digestive system?
Elimination of undigested food
What structure moves food from the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophagus
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
Esophagus
Damage to the liver would hamper digestion of?
Lipids
Bile is produced by the cells of the?
Liver
Which of the following is an accessory organ of the digestive tract?
Liver
Which is the correct order of the regions of the digestive tract from superior to inferior?
Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Which of the following structures has both endocrine and exocrine tissue?
Pancreas
Which of the following is associated with the tongue?
Papillae and taste buds
The role of acetylcholine in the digestive tract is to ___, while the role of norepinephrine is too ___.
Stimulate, inhibit
Which of the following enzymes is found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?
Trypsin
Parasympathetic nerves extend to the digestive tract through the ___ nerve.
Vagus
The movement of molecules out of the digestive tract into circulation or the lymphatic system is?
absorption
Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in
absorption of food
How are ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate transported from the intestinal lumen?
active transport
The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the?
active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.
Which of the following is an end product of protein digestion?
amino acids
The pancreatic islets
are endocrine glands
Chylomicrons
are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells.
Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. (1) ascending colon (2) descending colon (3) sigmoid colon (4) transverse colon
ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, descending colon
Which of the following is NOT part of a portal triad?
central vein
Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the _____ phase.
cephalic
What is the function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
changing the tongue shape during swallowing
The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone
cholecystokinin
Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called
chyme
Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent
chyme from entering the large intestine.
A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is?
chymotrypsin
The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestion tract is?
composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers
The mucosa of the colon?
contains many mucus-secreting goblet cells
One of the major functions of the large intestine is to?
convert chyme to feces
What connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct?
cystic duct
Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include
disaccharidases
Most nutrient absorption occurs in the
duodenum and jejunum
The major stimulus for the release of cholecystokinin is the presence of __ in the intestine
fatty acids and other lipids
Inability of the pyloric sphincter to open would prevent
food from entering the small intestine
The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the
gastric phase of gastric secretion
Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?
gastrin
Inflammation of the gums is called
gingivitus
Insulin increases the rate of __ transport into cells
glucose
The anal canal
has an internal sphincter composed of smooth muscle.
The hepatic sinusoids
have mixed venous and arterial blood
Nutrient-Rich blood from the digestive tract come to the liver by the way of the
hepatic portal vein
What portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach?
ileum
The villi and microvilli function to
increase surface area for absorption
Emulsification
increases surface area for lipid digestion
Mastication
increases the surface area of food particles.
Pepsinogen
is the precursor of active pepsin
If the thoracic duct were tied off, which of the following classes of nutrients would not enter the circulatory system at their normal rate?
lipids
Strong peristaltic contractions in the large intestine are called
mass movements
Small droplets of digested lipids surrounded by bile salts are called?
micelles
What is the purpose of segmental contractions of the small intestine?
mixing of intestinal contents
The digestive functions performed by saliva and salivary amylase respectively are
moistening and starch digestion
Saliva
moistens food and begins starch digestion in the mouth
Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?
mucosa
Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?
mucosa
Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
The major secretion of the large intestine is?
mucus
What are the two major neurotransmitters of the ENS in the digestive tract?
norepinephrine and acetylcholine
What muscle forms the lips?
orbicularis oris muscle
The portion of the digestive tract that receives food directly from the oral cavity is the
oropharynx
The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is
pancreatic juice
Which of the following cell types of the stomach is correctly matched with its function?
parietal cells--produce hydrochloric acid
The salivary glands located just anterior to the ear are the
parotid glands
Which of the following enzymes digests protein?
pepsin
The ___ helps hold a tooth in its socket.
periodontal ligament
Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach?
proper environment for functioning of pepsin
The movement of food through the digestive tract is
propulsion
Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: (1) dipeptide (2) protein (3) amino acid (4) polypeptide
protein, polypeptide, dipeptide, amino acid
Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?
pylorus--the most inferior portion of the stomach
Reflex of gastric contents into the esophagus occurs because of?
relaxation of the cardiac sphincter
Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be
retroperitoneal
When chyme enters the duodenum, ____ is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.
secretin
A mixing contraction in the small intestine is called
segmental contraction
Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the
small intestine
Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the
small intestine
What is the function of the gallbladder?
stores and concentrates bile
Which of the following is mismatched?
sympathetic nerve fibers - increase intestinal motility
Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?
synthesize bile
Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with its substrate?
trypsin-nucleic acid
Monosaccharides
use a symport process in their absorption