Chapter 24-A&P Exam 3

Peyer's patches are characteristic of the A.stomach. B. ileum. C. jejunum. D. colon. E. duodenum.

B. ileum.

Which of the following enzymes is important for the digestion of fat? A. pancreatic amylase B. pancreatic lipase C. trypsin D.pepsin

B. pancreatic lipase pancreatic lipase is important for the digestion of fats. It is secreted by the pancreas and works in the small intestine.

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk protein is A. trypsin B. rennin C. cholecytokinin D. gastrin E. pepsin

B. rennin

In response to the hormone secretin, the pancreas secretes a fluid A. rich in mucus. B. rich in bicarbonate ion. C. rich in enzymes. D. that contains only amylase. E. rich in bile.

B. rich in bicarbonate ion

A colonoscopy is a common diagnostic tool to check for colorectal cancer. Sometimes an investigation of the distal segment of the colon is all that is needed. What is the name of this distal segment of the colon? A. mesocolon B. sigmoid C. cecum D. ileum

B. sigmoid

which of the following is an accesory organ of digestion? A. pancreas B. spleen C. Colon D. Esophagus E. appendix

A. pancreas

Vitamins are organic molecules that are cofactors in many metabolic pathways. One of the important functions of the bacteria in the large intestine is to generate three vitamins: biotin and B12, which are both water-soluble, and a third fat-soluble vitamin that is especially important in blood clotting. What is the fat-soluble vitamin produced by the bacteria in the colon? A. vitamin K B. vitamin E C. vitamin D D. vitamin A

A. vitamin K Vitamin K deficiencies lead to impaired blood clotting. Your intestinal bacteria produce about half of your daily vitamin K requirements

cheif cells secrete: A. gastrin B. pepsinogen D. hydrochloric acid D. intrinsic factor E. mucus

B. pepsinogen

A viral infection that involves the protid glands, which swell noticeable, is

mumps

In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? A. islet of Langerhans cells B. duct cells C. acinar cells

C. acinar cells in response to a high fat and protein meal, CCK would be stimulated and in turn would stimulate an enzyme-rich secretion from the pancreas.

Bile is stored in the ANSWER: A. pancreas. B. liver. C. gallbladder. D. duodenum. E. appendix.

C. gallbladder.

G cells of the stomach secrete: A. pepsin B. enteroperoxidase C. Cholecytokinin D. gastrin E. secretin

D. Gastrin

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. A. segmentation B. writhing C. pendular D. mass E. peristaltic

D. mass

Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called ANSWER: A. segmentation. B. haustral churning. C. defecation. D. mass movements. E. pendular movements.

D. mass movements

upon swallowing, food moves from the mouth directly into A. buccal cavity B oral mucosae C sublingual space D oropharynx E oral vestibule

D. oropharyx

The enzyme pepsin digests A. carbs B. lipids C. vitamins D. proteins E. nucleic acids

D. proteins

An enzyme that digests proteins into peptides is A. lipase. B. nuclease. C. maltase. D. trypsin. E. amylase.

D. trypsin.

Enterogastric reflexes A. inhibit gastric secretion. B. involve the enteric nervous system. C. inhibit gastric motility. D. are triggered by chyme entering the duodenum. E. All of the answers are correct.

E. All of the answers are correct.

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by A. entry of chyme into small intestine B. entry of chyme in the large intestine C. sight, thought, or smell of food D. Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine E. entry of food into the stomach

E. entry of food into the stomach

Sucrose is hydrolyzed by sucrase into glucose and A. galactose. B. glucose. C. lactose. D. maltose. E. fructose.

E. fructose.

The space between the cheeks or lips and teeth is called the A. pharynx B. fauces D. larynx B. dip sulcus E. vestibule

E. vestibule

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as A.chyme. B. segments. C. chunk. D. feces. E. bolus.

A.chyme.

sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the A. myenteric plexus B. Mucosa C. Muscularis mucosa D. Submucosa E. Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus

The uvula is located A. posterior the tongue B margin of the vestibule C posterior margin of the soft palate D. margin of the oropharynx and the larngopharynx E. base of tooth

Posterior margin of the soft palate

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called A. plicae B. papillae C. villi D. rugae E. cardia

Rugae

An ulcerated stomach lining often repairs itself once the source of inflammation how is this possible

The tissue lining the stomach is an epithelium and thus capable of repair and renewal

During which phase in the control of the digestive system would bicarbonate and bile be stimulated? A. intestinal phase B. gastric phase C. Cephalic phase

A, intestinal phase food in the intestines initiates a reflex that timulates secretions of bicarbonate, digestive enzymes, and bile

which of the following intestinal hormones stimulates bile from the gall bladder? A. CCK (cholecystokinin) B. Gastrin C. motilin D. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)

A. CCK Cholecytokinin causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing bile and an enzyme rich pancreatic juice to be secreated from the pancrease

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A. Greater omentum B. Lesser Omentum C. Mesentery proper D. Falciform ligament E. Diaphram

A. Greater omentum

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the A. submucosal plexus B. Serosa C. Adventitia D. mucosa E. lamina propria

A. Submucosal plexus

The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? A. bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus B. bile C. intrinsic factor D. digestive enzymes such as CCK and secretin

A. bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus an alkaline mucus secretion of bicarbonate and potassium protects the large intestinal wall from acids produced by resident bacteria.

HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? A. chief B. parietal C. paracrine (also known as enteroendocrine cells) D. G cells

A. chief chief cells produce pepsinogen, the inactive form of pepsin.

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the A. common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. B. duodenum and the jejunum. C. duodenum and the pancreatic duct. D. duodenum and the pylorus. E. duodenum and the common bile duct.

A. common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

The absorption of some sugars in the small intestine involves A. cotransport. B. osmosis. C. phagocytosis. D. diffusion. E. pinocytosis.

A. cotransport.

The crown of a tooth is covered by A. enamel B. Dentin C. pulp D. periodontium E. cementum

A. enamel

The nasogastric tube will be inserted through the nose, travel through the pharynx and will ultimately end in the stomach. After passing through the pharynx, what long muscular passageway will the NG tube pass through to get to the stomach? A. esophagus B. colon C. trachea D, small intestine

A. esophagus The esophagus extends from the pharynx to the stomach.

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is A. gastrin B. cholecytokinin C. CCK D. secretin E. enteropeptidase

A. gastrin

The purpose of the fecal transplant is to get healthy bacteria inside the digestive tract so they can colonize the large intestine. After the fecal transplant is deposited into the stomach, it must pass through the small intestine before reaching its target. What is the name of the last part of the small intestine before it connects to the large intestine? A. ileum B. cecum C. duodenum E. jejunum

A. ileum The ileum of the small intestine connects to the large intestine at the ileocecal valve

In the small intestine, which of the following enzymes breaks down maltose? A. maltase B. sucrase C. dextrinase D. lactase E. amylase

A. maltase

increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from A. parasympathetic stimulation B. myenteric reflexes C. hunder D. hormonal stimulation E. sympathetic stimulation

A. parasympathetic stimulation

Enzymatic breakdown of which of the following compounds doesn't begin until it reaches the stomach? A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipids

A. proteins Yes, enzymatic breakdown of proteins begins in the stomach

What is the name of the structure that connects the stomach to the duodenum of the small intestine? A. pyloric sphincter B. fundus C. cardia D. esophageal sphincter

A. pyloric sphincter The pyloric sphincter controls the exit of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum.

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the A. pylorus B. body C. fundus D. carida E antrum

A. pylorus

Which of the follwong best describes the term gastrin A. stimulates gastric secretion B. carries absorbed sugars and amino acids C. causes gallbladder to contract D. where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum E. stimulates pancrease to secrete bicarbonate rich fluid

A. stimulates gastric secretion

What statement does NOT pertain to the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? A.It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. B. It is triggered by sensory input, such as sight, as well as mental input, such as thinking about food. C. It usually lasts only a few minutes. D.Mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells receive signals through the submucosal plexus.

A.It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. The cephalic phase is triggered by sight, smell, taste, and thought of food. The brain processes these sensory stimuli, which is why this phase is referred to as the cephalic phase. It lasts only a few minutes, during which time mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells begin secreting products.

Someone who sufferes peritonitis because of a puncture wound that pierced part of his or her stomach suffered damage to what structure? A. visceral peritoneum B. Parietal peritoneum C. serous membranes D. All

All

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver? A. Mesentery proper B. Lesser omentum C. diaphragm D.falciform ligament E. greater omentum

B Lesser omentum

The ____ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspen the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics and blood vessels A. serosa B. Mesenteries C. Lamina propria D. Adventitia E. Fibrosa

B. Mesenteries

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it A. helps ensure that the fxns of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency B. precedes the gastric phase C. involves both neural and endocrine reflexes D. functions to control the rate of gastric emptying E. begins when chyme enters the small intestine

B. Precedes the gastric phase

A stratifies squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except: A. anal canal B. stomach C. esophagus D. oral cavity E. Oropharynx

B. Stomach

Double-layer sheets of serous membran that support the viscera are called A. the diaphram B. mesenteries C. peritoneal sheets D. the doral and ventral frenulums E. ascites

B. The mesenteries

What do the gastroenteric reflex and the gastroileal reflex have in common A. They are both triggered during the gastric phase of regulation. B. They both respond to signals associated with the distension of the stomach wall. C. They both affect the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine through the ileocecal valve. D. They are both inhibited by large amounts of carbohydrates and alcohol.

B. They both respond to signals associated with the distension of the stomach wall. The gastroenteric reflex and the gastroileal reflex respond to signals from stretch receptors. Together, these reflexes affect the rate at which chyme moves through the stomach and on into the small and large intestines

Enteric interneurons that are inhibitory to smooth muscle use which of the following neurotransmitters? A. norepinephrine B. VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) C. ACh (acetylcholine) D. Substance P

B. VIP Both VIP and NO (nitric oxide) are inhibitory to smooth muscle

Each of the following is a function of the liver except A. synthesis and secretion of bile. B. antibody production. C. synthesis of plasma proteins. D. storage of glycogen and iron reserves. E. inactivation of toxins.

B. antibody production.

In the center of a liver lobule there is a A. hepatic duct. B. central vein. C. sinusoid. D. portal vein. E. portal area.

B. central vein.

The fusion of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the A. porta hepatis. B. common bile duct. C. common pancreatic duct. D. bile canaliculus. E. hepatic portal vein.

B. common bile duct.

Brunner glands are characteristic of the A. ileum. B. duodenum. C. stomach. D. jejunum. E. colon

B. duodenum

Haustra are A. strips of muscle in the colon. B. expansible pouches of the colon. C. glands in the large intestine that secrete mucus. D. compact feces stored in the rectum. E. the source of colon hormones.

B. expansible pouches of the colon.

The breakdown products of which of the following are absorbed into lacteals? A. carbohydrates B. fats C. proteins

B. fats chylomicrons are absorbed into lacteals because they are too large to pass through the basement membrane of a capillary and into the blood.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in A.decreased gastrin production. B.a higher pH during gastric digestion. C.a lower pH during gastric digestion. D.decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells. E.increased protein digestion in the stomach.

B.a higher pH during gastric digestion.

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except: A. Sensory analysis of food B. Manipulation of food C. Partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx D. Mechanical processing of food E. aiding in speech

C. Partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter released by which fibers? A. both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers B parasympathetic C. Sympathetic D. interneurons of the enteric nervous system

C. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter of the sympathetic postganglionic fibers. an increase in the sympathetic system would decrease digestion

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except: A. mechanical breakdown of food B. initiation of protein digestion C. absorption of triglycerides D. storage of ingested food E. denaturation of proteins

C. absorption of triglycerides

Complexes of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts are called ANSWER: A. vesicles. B. varicosities. C. micelles. D. chylomicrons. E. countertransporters.

C. micelles.

The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of A. pancreatic lobules. B. triads. C. pancreatic acini. D. pancreatic crypts. E.islets of Langerhans.

C. pancreatic acini.

Which of the following enzymes is important for breaking down protein? A. lipase B. amylase C. pepsin

C. pepsin pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach.

An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) secretion in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl? A. gastrin B. CCK (cholecystokinin) C. secretin D. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide)

C. secretin secretin stimulates the duct cells in the pancreas and liver to secrete a bicarbonate-rich solution that will bind hydrogen ions and increase the pH.

The term "alkaline tide" implies that the pH of the blood in gastric veins is A.greater following a 24-hour fast than during digestion of a large meal. B.constant because of buffering. C.greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast. D.None of the answers are correct.

C.greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to A. stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands B. regulate the digestion of lipids C. inhibit hunger D. stimulate hunger E. initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid

D stimulate hunger

A tell-tale sign of the constant fight against infections in the digestive system is the presence of large quantities of defensive cells. Which of the following types of cell have such protective functions? A. plasma cells B. Kupffer cells C. lymphocytes D. All of the listed responses are correct.

D. All of the listed responses are correct.

Cell that are rapidly undergoing mitosis constantly repair and renw the lining of the pharynx and the esophagus. which of the following terms best describes this lining? A. serosa B. Submucosa C. Muscularis externa D. Mucosa

D. Mucosa

What is the name of the salivary gland that becomes swollen when infected with mumps? A. Pharyngeal salivary B. Submandibular salivary C. Sublingual salivary D. Parotid salivary

D. Parotid Salivary gland

The of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the A. dentin B. Periodontium C. cementum D. Pulp cavity E. enamel

D. Pulp cavity

Which of the following describes the local response in the stomach during the gastric phase of gastric regulation? A. Stressful situations directly inhibit the local response during the gastric phase. B. Signals from the myenteric plexus trigger forceful contractions called mixing waves. C. It is triggered by chemoreceptors sensing partially digested peptides. D. Released histamines stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid.

D. Released histamines stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid. The local response during the gastric phase of gastric regulation is characterized by the release of histamines in the lamina propria, which stimulate parietal cells to secrete acid.

which of the following GI hormones promotes pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions? A. GIP B. motilin C. Gastrin D. Secretin

D. Secretin Secretin from S cells in the duodenum causes both the liver and the pancrease to secrete bicarbonate into the small intestine

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. as a result, you would expect mary to be at risk for A. diarrhea B. dehydration C. an ulcer D. abnormal epo E. protein malnutrition

D. abnormal epo

The root of a tooth is covered by A. dentin B. Enamel C. The root canal D. Cementum E. pulp

D. cementum

Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? A. a lemon B. nausea C. the thought of food D. fear

D. fear fear, sleep, fatigue, and dehydration all inhibit salivation.

parietal cells secrete: A. gastrin B. mucus C. pepsinogen D. hydrochloric acid E. enteropeptidase

D. hydrochloric acid

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion A. the stomach responds to distention B. production of gastric juices slows down C the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying D. increased production of gastric juice occurs E. secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells

D. increased production of gastric juice occurs

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except.. A. Digestion of carbs B. Mechanical processing of food C. Lubrication D. Sensory analysis of material before swallowing E. absorption of monosaccharides

E. Absorbtion of Monosaccharides

The Kupffer cells of the liver A. destroy bacteria. B. present antigens. C. destroy damaged RBCs. D. are phagocytic. E. All of the answers are correct.

E. All

Proper digestion requires the coordinated effort of many hormones with various effects. How do gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin influence digestion?

The hormones involved in gastric regulation are released from the stomach and the small intestine. Gastrin has a stimulatory effect on parietal cells and chief cells and is released in the presence of partially digested peptides. The intestinal hormones, cholecystokinin and secretin, have inhibitory effects on parietal cells and chief cells. In addition, cholecystokinin release requires the presence of carbohydrates and lipids.