Chapter 25 Review

How did Olaudah Equiano work to strengthen the abolition movement?

He lobbied government officials and members of parliament

European ruling elites were able to extinguish rebellions because they had access to military forces, weapons, and _____.

Horses

From 1500 to 1800 the population of sub-Saharan africa

Increased

European expansion of the African slave trade created ______ that affected societies in the Atlantic Ocean basin.

Involuntary migration

One of the major effects of the Fulani military expedition in Africa was the laying of the foundation for the creation of

Islamic states

One reason that the Haitian revolution was important was that

It inspired other slaves to revolt

One of the reasons Songhay rulers valued Islam was because

It was important for trade

Which kingdom came to dominate the region around Lake Chad

Kane's-Bornu

Around 1652 the Dutch conquered the ______, whom they pejoratively called the Hottentots.

Khoikhoi

Which group of people did the Dutch easily enslave around 1652?

Khoikhoi

The Songhay empire was preceded in west Africa by the _____ and the Mali empire.

Kingdom of Ghana

Social units, such as those formed after the Bantu migration, that served as a basis of social and political organization are known as _______ groups.

Kinship

Timbuktu was one of the most important commercial and cultural centers in the _______ and Songhay empires.

Mali

Which of the following became the most important American crop in African agriculture due to its high production in tropical soils?

Manioc

Runaway slaves were known as

Maroons

Soon after Spanish colonists established their first plantations in the islands, they expanded their operations into what area?

Mexico

Most African slaves in Europe worked as _______, porters, or domestic servants.

Miners

The Portuguese in the Kongo and Angola gave support to Christian priests and

Missionaries

Why was music important to slaves in the Americas and the Caribbean?

Music helped them retain their culture

After the eighth century, one of the largest markets for the sale of slaves was run by _______ merchants.

Muslim

In the Songhay empire, encouraging the practice of Islam served as a way to deal with

Muslim merchants

In the seventeenth century, the Portuguese wanted to set up a colony to support large-scale slave trading in the kingdom of ______.

Ndongo

Sunni Ali created a navy to patrol which important commercial highway?

Niger River

About 5% of slaves from Africa were shipped to

North America

Of all the slaves that were delivered from Africa to the Western Hemisphere, about half half went to the Caribbean, and about _______ went to Brazil.

One-third

Sunni Ali's Songhay administration could be described as

Organized

Even though some slaves were used as domestic servants, urban laborers, and miners, most were agricultural workers who labored on _______ in the Americas and the Caribbean.

Plantations

Why did relations between Kongo and Portugal deteriorate?

Portugal sought opportunities south of Kongo

Queen Nzinga led her subjects in battle against which colonizing group?

Portuguese

Many Africans believed in a remote, creator God and

Powerful spirits

Slaves in Africa were considered important because they were

Property that could be inherited

Portuguese forces were able to conquer Angola after the death of

Queen Nzinga

according to Olaudah Equiano's writings, what did some prisoners do that caused them to be whipped hourly?

Refused to eat

Which of the following crops was not an American crop imported into Africa?

Rice

Slaves demonstrated resistance to their situation in which of the following ways?

Running away Working slower Sabotaging plantation equipment

Why were African slaves typically not working on European fields?

Serfs and free peasants worked the land

The most important commodity sought by the Portuguese was

Slaves

One distinguishable feature regarding slavery in Africa was that

Slaves could be admitted into kinship groups

One of the reasons the population of sub-Saharan Africa increased was because

The supply of food staples imporved

One of the factors that enabled Europeans to take over parts of Africa was

Their ability to form alliances and advance their own interests

The western areas between Senegal and Angola were especially exposed to slave raiding because of

Their closeness to slave ports

Which of the following qualities made some maroon communities able to take action against slave owners?

Their military background

Much of the wealth collected by chieftains in the southern regions of Africa consisted of gold, slaves, and ________.

ivory

Why were slaves able to organize against their masters?

slaves greatly outnumbered their masters

During the early days of the middle passage, the mortality rate for slaves on some ships exceeded ______%

50

By the seventeenth century slaves were introduced into the North American mainland by the ______ colonists.

English

True or False: Abolishing the slave trade made commerce in slaves unprofitable and ended the institution of slavery.

False

True or False: the decrease in the price of sugar was parallel to the decrease in the price of new slaves

False

One of the benefits of the slave trade for African people's such as the Asante was accessing

Firearms

The capital city of the Songhay empire was

Gao

Which of the following was one of the earliest kingdoms in Africa?

Ghana

In the trans-Saharan trade, the major trade commodity the kings of Ghana sought to control was ______.

Gold

The Portuguese established Ndongo during the

1500s

Slaves were sometimes employees as

Administrators; soldiers

Some Africans regarded the Christian missionaries they encountered as magicians and

Adopted their religious symbols as charms against evil spirits

Slavery became common in Africa after the Bantu migrations spread _____ to all areas of the continent.

Agriculture

King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo, who encouraged his subjects to convert to Christianity, was also known as

Alfonso I

Queen Nzinga battled Europeans for forty years to keep them from establishing a colony in ________.

Angola

Dona Beatriz claimed that Saint _____ of Padua had possessed her to deliver his messages.

Anthony

The kingdom of Kanem-Bornu was located

Around Lake Chad

Slave owners in North America sought email slaves because female slaves

Could bear children

Which nation was the last to abolish slavery in the Americas?

Brazil

How did the Kings of Ghana a as a large army and control west Africa?

By taxing and controlling the gold trade in the region

European invaders used existing Mediterranean and Indian Ocean routes for slave trading and

Created new routes across the Atlantic

After turning to investing in manufacturing rather than plantations, Europeans began to see Africa as a source for raw materials and Africans as

Customers for manufactured goods

Who administered the affairs of kinship groups?

Clan leaders

Women soldiers were incorporated into the slave-raiding army in

Dahomey

A contributing factor to the end of slavery was the

Decline of profitability

African law differed from European and Asian law because it

Did not recognize private property

Which of the following did not occur during the middle passage?

Spices were exchanged for gold

The Songhay ruler who constructed an extensive military and administrative organization was ________ _________.

Sunni Ali

Which of the following islands was a Portuguese colony with sugar plantations?

São Tomé

On his second voyage, Vasco de Gama

Taxed the ruler of Kilwa

The fall of the Songhay empire could be attributed to

The Moroccan army

Which of the following areas imported the highest number of slaves in the Western Hemisphere?

The caribbean

Which of the following economic factors helped bring about the end of the slave system?

The cost of purchasing slaves The cost of maintaining slaves The cost of maintaining military forces to suppress slave revolts

Which of the following were shared features of the Caribbean and American plantations?

The production and export of commercial crops A sharp, racial division of labor

The demand for slaves during the Islamic slave trade prompted

The raiding of villages to procure slaves

In which part of present-day United States may creole languages be found?

The south

How did Europeans provide labor for most of the plantations they established in the Americas?

They sought slaves from Africa

How was the government of Kongo administered after it emerged in the fourteenth century?

Through a centralized state

The most important trading cities for the Songhay were Jenne and ______.

Timbuktu

During the fifteenth century Sunni Ali took control of the trading cities _______ and _______ to dominate the central Niger valley.

Timbuktu; Jenne

African society in early modern times acquired new products and materials through ______ with European people's.

Trade

One of the major causes of the decline of Swahili cities was the disruption of their ______ patterns

Trade

To meet the demand for slaves in the Western Hemisphere, the Europeans developed a three-stage trading system called the ______ trade.

Triangular

True or False: Gumbo and okra are examples of cultural traditions introduced to the Americas from Africa.

True

True or False: the diminished profitability of slavery led to a shift to investments in manufacturing industries.

True

Young men constituted what portion of all slaves?

Two-thirds

Which of the following explorers arrived on the eastern part of the African coast before 1500?

Vasco de Gama

The earliest Portuguese slave raiders encountered ______ resistance from Africans.

Violent

One of the reasons the Portuguese declared war with Kongo was because the Portuguese

Wanted access to more profitable business south of the Kongo

Which of the following was not among the adversities that slaves in the Caribbean and the Americas endured?

War

Who commonly became slaves in Africa?

War captives

The Songhay empire dominated which part of Africa?

West

Because women came to make up a higher proportion of the population than men in Angola,

Women took over formerly male duties