chapter 25
visceral pleura has sufficient blood supply via bronchial arteries, which are direct branches of the
descending thoracic aorta
the pleura lining the internal surface of the thoracic wall, diaphragm and mediastinum
parietal pleura
The mediastinum is further subdivided into 4 mediastina:
1. anterior mediastinum 2. superior mediastinum 3. middle mediastinum 4. posterior mediastinum
If for any reason the negative pressure of the pleural cavity is lost from a chest wound, what would happen to the lung?
It would collapse because of its inherent elasticity (internal elastic fibers would shorten
the pleural cavity is maintained in a state of continuous ______ to keep the visceral pleura and parietal pleura to the thoracic wall and diaphragm. Thus any movement in the thoracic wall and diaphragm is reflected in a corresponding movement of the lung. This is the basis of breathing
negative pressure
a _______ is a double layered membrane composed of an inner mesothelium and outer connective tissue layer. The pleura is subdivided according to location into ____ and _______
serous membrane parietal and visceral pleura
the parietal pleura is subdivided into 4 parts:
1. Costal parietal pleura 2. Cupolar (cervical) parietal pleura 3. Diaphragmatic parietal pleura 4. Mediastinal parietal pleura
portion of the parietal pleura that forms the lateral boundaries of the mediastinum. It lines the outer and lateral surfaces of the pericardium
Mediastinal parietal pleura
caval opening for the inferior vena cava
TV 8
Diaphragm openings include:
TV 8 TV 10 TV 12
T/F: parietal pleura is insensitive to pain, containing few nerve fibers
false- it is sensitive to pain and has a rich nerve supply
covers the surface of the lung except at the hilus (the location where all structures that enter or leave the lung pass)
visceral pleura
contents of the middle mediastinum
1. heart 2. great vessels (SVC, aorta, pulmonary trunk) 3. pericardium 4. phrenic nerve
contents of posterior mediastinum
1. thoracic aorta 2. esophagus 3. thoracic duct 4. azygous vein 5. vegas nerve 6. sympathetic trunk
contents of superior mediastinum
1. thymus 2. great vessels (aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk) 3. brachiocephalic veins 4. trachea 5. esophagus (25 cm long, conduit for food from the pharynx to the stomach) 6. thoracic duct 7. vagus nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve 8. phrenic nerve 9. azygos vein (drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall; drains into the superior vena cava)
portion of the parietal pleura covering the upper surface of the diaphragm
Diaphragmatic parietal pleura
contents of anterior mediastinum
loose connective tissue thymus
Diaphragm O: I: A: I:
Origin: 1. periphery posterior to the xiphoid process 2. lower 6 ribs 3. posterior abdominal wall Insertion: central tendon Action: inspiration Innervation: phrenic nerve
esophageal hiatus for the esophagus and CN X, Vegas nerve
TV 10
aortic hiatus for the aorta
TV 12
collapse of a lung is called ______, and the presence of air in the pleural cavity. is called ________
atelectasis pneumothorax
portion of the parietal pleura that lines the sternum, ribs, and intercostal muscles
costal parietal pluera
reflection of the parietal pleura at the junction of costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura; the inferior border of the lung fills this recess during strenuous breathing
costodiaphragmatic recess (B)
reflection of the parietal pleura at the junction of the costal pleura and mediastinal pleura; the anterior border of the lung fills this recess during strenuous breathing
costomediastinal recess (A)
portion of the parietal pleura that courses over the apex of the lungs; it reaches as high as the neck of the first rib
cupolar (cervical) parietal pleura
The visceral pleura dips into _______ that separate the lobes of the lungs and is
fissures
the diaphragm forms the ______ boundary of the thorax
inferior
the only thoracic structure not within the mediastinum is the
lungs
a space between the right pleura and the left pleura of the thorax
mediastinum or interpleural space
a thin serous membrane located within the thoracic cavity on both the right and left side
pleura
space between parietal and visceral pleura. This area is of capillary thickness and is filled with a thin film of fluid
pleural cavity
like the visceral pleura, the parietal pleura also has a rich blood supply derived from:
posterior intercostal arteries internal thoracic arteryes (internal mammary arteries)
azygos vein drains blood from the ________ and into the _______
posterior thoracic wall superior vena cava
areas where two parts of the parietal pleura join (areas not occupied by lung) are referred to as _____; 2 exist including:
recesses 1. costomediastinal recess 2. costodeaphragmatic recess
the mediastinum extends from the _______ anteriorly to the ______ posteriorly and from the ______ superiorly to the ______ inferiorly
sternum vertebral column thoracic inlet diaphragm
the interpleural space contains all organs of the thorax except:
the lungs
the mediastinum can now be accurately defined as the space between:
the right and left mediastinal pleura
T/F: visceral pleura is insensitive to pain, containing few nerve fibers
true