Chapter 26: The Triumph of Conservatism (HHAS Exam)

In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued all of the following policies:

- boycotted the Moscow Olympics - funneled aid to fundamentalist Muslims in Afghanistan who fought a guerilla war against the Soviets - dramaticlly increased American military spending

What were central themes of the Reagan revolution?

- federal regulation of the economy must be curtailed. - Taxes are too high—in the name of American freedom, they must be cut back. - America must lead the crusade against the evil of communism, wherever it may arise.

What is central to libertarian conservatism?

- limited government - unregulated capitalism - individual autonomy

What were key factor behind President Carter's 1980 reelection defeat?

- the Iranian hostage crisis - high levels of inflation and unemployment - a widespread belief that America had lost its way—both at home and abroad

An indication of America's economic troubles during the 1970s was....

- the coming of a merchandise trade deficit. - a decline in manufacturing. the advent of an urban fiscal crisis.

What were President Nixon's apparent motivations for supporting the Philadelphia Plan, and its promotion of "affirmative action"?

- to fight inflation by weakening the power of the building trades unions - to open up more jobs for African-Americans - to lower wages, which he thought were reaching such high levels and thus raising the cost of construction

True or False - Both foreign-policy "realists" and conservative Cold Warriors applauded President Jimmy Carter's emphasis on human rights.

False

True or False - Conservatives in the Republican Party found Richard Nixon much to their liking.

False

True or False - The number of workers employed in the manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy rose sharply during the 1970s.

False

In the early 1970s, which commodity did many Americans have to wait in long lines to purchase ?

Gasoline (oil)

What was the 1979 organization created by Virginia minister Jerry Falwell, devoted to waging a "war against sin" and electing "pro-life, pro-family, pro-America" candidates?

Moral Majority

Why was Jimmy Carters suspenion of aid to Argentina such a dramatic gesture ?

Previous admin. had been silent about the regimes atrocities

What was the 1978 Supreme Court decision that rejected the idea of fixed affirmative action quotas, but allowed that institutions of higher learning could use race as one factor among many in admissions decisions?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

What was a major initiative of the Carter administration?

The Panama Canal Treaty

True or False - In 1978, California voters approved Proposition 13, which banned further increases in property taxes but reduced funds for schools, libraries, and other public services.

True

True or False - Neoconservatives came to believe that well-intentioned government social programs did more harm than good.

True

True or False - President Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger continued President Lyndon Johnson's policy of attempting to undermine governments deemed dangerous to American strategic or economic interests.

True

True or False - President Nixon resigned the office of the presidency in 1974, in the wake of the Watergate scandal and cover up.

True

True or False - President Richard Nixon, a Republican, accepted and even expanded many elements of Lyndon Baines Johnson's Great Society.

True

True or False - While libertarian conservatives spoke the language of progress and personal autonomy, the "new conservatives" emphasized tradition, community, and moral commitment; and herein lay the origins of the division in conservative ranks.

True

True or False - In 1972 Congress approved Title IX, which banned gender discrimination in higher education.

True

True or False - Neoconservatives strongly supported America's efforts in the Cold War.

True

True or False - Resentment over local initiatives to desegregate public schools was an important part of the conservative groundswell of the 1970s.

True

True or False - The 1970s was one of only two decades (the other was the 1930s) in the twentieth century that ended with American workers on average poorer than when it began.

True

True or False - The Vietnam War was a military, political, and social disaster, and the only war the United States has ever lost.

True

What was the name for the plan by which, beginning in 1969, President Nixon gradually drew down the number of American troops in Vietnam, saying they would be replaced by South Vietnamese soldiers?

Vietnamization

Is the following series of events listed in proper sequence?

announcement of President Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy; U.S. invasion of Cambodia; publication of Pentagon Papers; War Powers Act

The Three-Mile Island nuclear plant....

brought a halt to the nuclear energy industries expansion in the US

President Richard Nixon sought to replace the polarized and hostile relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union with a new era of "peaceful coexistence" called....

détente.

Domestically, President Gerlad Ford....

failed to revive the economy

President Carters foreign policy emphasised....

human rights as a diplomatic priority

In order to protect U.S. interests, the "Carter Doctrine" declared that the United States would....

ise military force, particulary in the Persian Gulf

Carters handling of the Iranian hostage crisis....

made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept

In 1976, Jimmy Carter won the presidential race in part becuase he....

promised never to lie to American

The economic condition known as "stagflation" was caused by....

stagnant economic growth and high inflation

What was NOT one of President Nixon's apparent motivations for supporting the Philadelphia Plan, and its promotion of "affirmative action"?

to woo blue-collar workers