Chapter 29 vocab

California immigration

"Head tax" of $55 per immigrant in addition to required fees for immigration to U.S. By 2000, 26% of California's population Was foreign born; in addition to that statistic, California had the largest influx of Asian and Hispanic immigrants to its state

National Environmental Policy Act

(1970) National policy that promotes environmental harmony and prevents further damage to the biosphere. Requires all federally involved projects to consider and adhere to it. Requires environmental impact statement (EIS) be written to determine possible and probable harm to the environment by any federally-funded project. Would include guidelines on how to minimize damage.

Fair Campaign Practices Act

(1974) increase financial accountability on campaigns, response to unchecked imperial power of President

Camp David Accords

(1978) were negotiated at the presidential retreat of Camp David by Egypt's Anwar Sadat and Israel Menachem Begin; they were brokered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter. They led to a peace treaty the next year that returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt, guaranteed Israeli access to the Red Sea and Suez Canal, and more-or-less normalized diplomatic and economic relations between the two countries. This isolated Egypt from the other Arab countries and led to Sadat's assassination in 1981.

Ronald Reagan

(1981-1985) and (1985-1989), first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages on his Inauguration Day in 1980. While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns.

George H.W. Bush

(1989-1993) president during the Gulf War, ability to quickly bring the war to a conclusion while suffering relatively few casualties resulted in the second-highest approval rating of any president, 89%. (Head of Operation Desert Storm against Iraq and Saddam Hussein)

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (1978)

(Prohibited domestic wiretapping without a warrant) An act passed by Congress in 1978 to establish procedures for requesting judicial authorization for foreign intelligence surveillance and to create the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court

Barry Goldwater

1964; Republican contender against LBJ for presidency; platform included lessening federal involvement, therefore opposing Civil Rights Act of 1964. His Vice-Presidential candidate, William Miller, also made him appear very trigger happy, for he supported not just bombing North Vietnam, but nuking it to death. He was horrible with befriending voters, and lost by largest margin in history (39%)

Bakke v. University of California

1978 Supreme Court ruling that limited affirmative action by rejecting a quota system

Webster v. Reproductive Health Services

1989 supreme court ruling that upheld the authority of state governments to limit the use of public funds and facilities for abortions

Bill Clinton

1992 and 1996; Democrat; Don't Ask Don't Tell policy implemented by Congress, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Travelgate controversy; Operation Desert Fox (4 day bombing campaign in Iraq); Scandals: Whitewater controversy, Lewinsky scandal (impeached and acquited), Travelgate controversy, Troopergate; first balanced budget since 1969

George W. Bush

43rd president of the US who began a campaign toward energy self-sufficiency and against terrorism in 2001; he was very conservative and pro life

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

A 1965 law that eliminated the discriminatory 1924 nationality quotas, established a slightly higher total limit on immigration, included provisions to ease the entry of immigrants with skills in high demand, and allowed immediate family members of legal residents in the United States to be admitted outside of the total numerical limit

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey

A 1992 Supreme Court case that upheld a law requiring a 24 hour waiting period prior to an abortion. All of that with the decision upheld certain restrictions on abortions, it affirmed the "essential holding" in Roe v. Wade that women had a constitutional right to control their reproduction

NAFTA

A 1993 treaty that eliminated all tariff and trade barriers among the United States, Canada, and Mexico

USA Patriot Act (2001)

A 2001 law that gave the government new powers to monitor suspected terrorists and their associates, including the ability to access personal information

Lawrence v. Texas

A 2003 landmark decision by the Supreme Court that limited the power of states to prohibit private homosexual activity between consenting adults

Rachel Carson

A biologist, She boosted the environmentalism movement in 1962 when she published her book Silent Spring

Fascinating Womanhood

A book written by Helen B. Andelin, a California housewife, lead evangelical women in the opposite direction of feminism. Where the latter encouraged women to be independent and to seek equality with men, Andelin taught that "submissiveness Will bring a strange but righteous power over your man." She was but one of dozens of evangelical authors and educators who encouraged women to defer to men

Whip Inflation Now (WIN)

A campaign by president Gerald Ford that urged Americans to cut food waste and do more with less, a noble but deeply unpopular idea among the American public

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

A cartel formed in 1960 by the Persian Gulf states and other oil-rich developing countries that allowed its members to exert greater control over the price of oil

Harvey Milk

A closeted businessman in New York until he was 40, Milk arrived in San Francisco in 1972 and threw himself into city politics. Fiercely independent, he ran as an openly gay candidate for city supervisor (city Council) twice and the state assembly once, both times unsuccessfully. By mobilizing the "gay vote" into a powerful bloc, milk finally won a supervisor seat in 1977. He became a national symbol of emerging gay political power. Tragically, after he helped to win passage of a gay-rights ordinance in San Francisco, he was assassinated in 1978 - along with the city's mayor, George Moscone - by a disgruntled former supervisor named Dan White

Internet/World Wide Web

A collection of interlinked computer servers that debuted in 1991, allowing access to millions of documents, pictures, and other materials

Howard Jarvis

A conservative anti-new dealer and a genius at mobilizing grassroot discontent, he proposed proposition 13. It hobbled public spending in the nation's most populous state. Per capita funding of California public schools, once the envy of the nation, plunged from the top-tier to the bottom, where it was second only to Mississippi. Moreover, proposition 13's complicated formula benefited middle-class and wealthy homeowners at the expense of less well-off citizens, especially those Who depended heavily on public services. Businesses, too, came out ahead, because commercial property got the same protection as residential property.

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

A decentralized computer network developed in the late 1960s by the US department of defense in conjunction with the Massachusetts Institute of technology. The Internet grew out of ARPANET

Billy Graham

A graduate of the Evangelical Wheaton College in Illinois, Graham cofounded Youth for Christ in 1945 and then toward the United States and Europe preaching the gospel. Following a stunning 1949 tent revival in Los Angeles that lasted eight weeks, Graham shot to national fame. His success in Los Angeles led to a popular radio program, but he continued to travel relentlessly, conducting old-fashioned revival meetings he called crusades. A massive 16 week 1957 crusade held in New York City Madison Square Garden made Graham, along with the conservative Catholic priest Fulton Sheen, one of the nations most visible religious leaders

Defense of Marrige Act

A law and acted by Congress in 1998 that allowed states to refuse to recognize gay marriage is or civil unions formed in other jurisdictions. The Supreme Court ruled that DOMA was unconstitutional in 2013

War Powers Act (1973)

A law that limited the presidents ability to deploy US forces without congressional approval. Congress passed the war Powers act in 1973 as a series of laws to fight the abuse of Nixon's administration

Phyllis Schlafly

A lawyer long active in conservative causes, she advocated traditional roles for women. The equal rights amendment, she proclaimed, would create an unnatural "unisex society," with women drafted into the army and forced to use single-sex toilets. Abortion, she alleged, could never be prohibited by law

Operation Rescue

A movement founded by religious activist Randall Terry in 1987 that mounted protests outside abortion clinics and harassed their staff and clients

Tax revolt

A movement to lower or aluminate taxes. California's proposition 13, which rolled back property taxes, capped future increases for present owners, and it required that all tax measures have a two thirds majority in the legislature was the result of one such a revolt, inspiring similar movements across the country

Al Qaeda

A network of radical Islamic terrorists organized by Osama bin Laden, who issued a call for holy war against Americans and their allies. Members of Al Qaeda were responsible for the 9/11 terrorist attacks

Three Mile Island

A nuclear power plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, where a reactor core came close to a meltdown in March 1979. After the incident at three-mile Island, no new nuclear plants were authorized in United States, though a handful with existing authorization were built in the 1980s

Energy crisis

A period of fuel shortages in the United states after the Arab states in the organization of petroleum exporting countries declared an oil embargo in October 1973

Abu Ghraib Prison

A prison just outside Baghdad, Iraq, where American guards were photographed during the Iraq war abusing and torturing suspected insurgents

Tea Party

A set of far right opposition groups that emerged during President Obama's first term and gave a voice to the extreme individualism and antigovernment sentiment traditionally associated with right wing movements in the United States

An American Family

A television show that documented a middle-class white family coping with the stresses of a changing society, captured a Trumatic moment in the 20th century history of the family. Between 1965 and 1985, the divorce rate doubled, and children born in the 1970s had a 40% chance of spending part of their youth in a single-parent household

Culture Wars

A term used by Patrick Buchanan in 1992 to describe a long-standing political struggle, dating to the 1920s, between religious traditionalists and secular liberals. Social issues such as abortion rights and the rights of lesbians and gay men divided these groups

Environmentalism

Activist movement begun in the 1960s that was concerned with protecting the environment through activities such as conservation, pollution control measures, and public awareness campaigns. In response to the new environmental consciousness, the federal government staked out a broad role in environmental regulation in the 1960s and 70s (Extended off of the Sierra Club, Wilderness Society, and Natural Resources Council)

Proposition 13

Amen she passed overwhelmingly by Californians to rollback property taxes, cap increases for present owners, and require that all tax measures have a two thirds majority in the legislature. Proposition 13 inspired "tax revolts" across the country and helped conservatives define and enduring issue: low taxes

Earth Day

An annual event honoring the environment that was first celebrated on April 22, 1970, when 20 million citizens gathered in communities across the country to express their support for a cleaner, healthier planet. influenced by the Santa Barbara oil spill, the chemical fire on Cuyahoga River, and the Friends of the Everglades airport opposition.

Stagflation

An economic term coined in the 1970s to describe the condition in which inflation and unemployment rise at the same time

European Union

An international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members. Coordinates monetary, trade, immigration, and labor policies, making its members one economic unit.

Group of Eight

An international organization of the leading capitalist industrial nations: The United States, Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Canada, and Russia. The G8 largely controlled the world's major international financial organizations: The Workd Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

STOP ERA

An organization founded by Phyllis Schlafly in 1972 to fight the equal rights amendment. Thousands of women mobilized, showing up at statehouses with home-baked bread and apple pies. As labels on the baked goods at one anti-ERA rally expressed it: "my heart and hand went into this dough/for the sake of the family please vote no."

New Right

As the 1970s progressed, right-wing grass-roots groups across the country emerged to support and promote single issues that reflected their key interests. These people focused their energy on controversial social issues, such as opposing abortion, blocking the Equal Rights Amendment, and evading court-ordered busing. They also called for a return to school prayer, which had been outlawed by the Supreme Court in 1962. Many of them criticized affirmative action, calling it reverse discrimination.

The U.S. Labor Market

Because of the 1970s slump and companies reconstructing, laying off workers, and slashing wages, it was divided in two: a vast, low-wage market at the bottom and a much narrower high wage market at the top, with the middle squeezed smaller and smaller

Election of 1992

Bill Clinton won over George H.W. Bush because of the economy's problems and the solving of foreign policy problems, Bush's greatest strength.

Silent Spring

Book published in 1962 by biologist Rachel Carson. It's analysis of the pesticide DDT's toxic impact on the human and natural food chains galvanized environmental activists

Election of 1996

Clinton easily won re-election over Republican nominee "Senator Robert Dole of Kansas." Perot returned to presidential contest as nominee of the "Reform party." 49% of popular vote for Clinton. Republicans retained control of Congress. Clinton's foreign affair successes in 2nd term included "Wye Accords", settlement in "Yugoslavia," and peace agreement in "Northern Ireland."

Patrick Buchanan

Conservative TV commentator and was former aid to Nixon and Reagan. Referred to President Bush Sr. as "King George" and denounced his policies to put America first which helped cost Bush a loss to Bill Clinton.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1972 that would require equal treatment of men and women under federal and state law. Facing fears opposition from the new right and the Republican Party, the ERA was defeated as time ran out for state ratification in 1982."Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex." Vocal congressional women, such as Patsy Mink, Bella Abzug, and Shirley Chisholm, mustered up support from both political parties, and Congress adopted the amendment in 1972, receiving 34 of the necessary 38 states for ratification in just two years

Multinational Corporations

Corporations with offices and factories in multiple countries, which expanded to find new markets and cheaper sources of labor. Globalization was made possible by the proliferation of these multinational corporations

America's World Trade

Dropped from 32 percent in 1955 to 18 percent in 1970 and as a result nine Western European countries had surpassed the United States in per capita gross domestic product (GDP) by 1980

1973 Yom Kippur War

Egypt and Syria invaded Israel to regain territory lost in the 1967 Six-Day War which Israel won. Israel prevailed, but only after being resupplied by an emergency American airlift. In response to the U.S. support of Israel, the Arab states of OPEC declared an oil embargo in October 1973

Los Angeles (1978 -1981)

Eight large grossing companies, including Ford, Uniroyal, and U.S. Steel closed factories employing upwards of 18,000 workers

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1972 to enforce environmental laws, conduct environmental research, and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants. Created by the National Environmental Policy Act, it required developers to file environmental impact statements assessing the effect of their project on the ecosystem. Many new laws followed this program: the Clean Air Act (1970), the Occupational Health and Safety Act (1970), the Water Pollution Control Act (1972), and the Endangered Species Act (1973)

Sandra Day O'Connor

First woman supreme court justice appointed by Pres Ronald Reagan

Election of 1988

George Bush (winner) vs. Michael Dukakis. Bush was elected on the strength of his association with Regan, seeming poised to confirm the ascendancy of his predecessor's conservative values. Bush led negative campaign attacking Dukakis. Democrats kept secure majorities in senate and house.

Election of 1976

Gerald Ford (Republican) ran against former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter (Democrat). Ford lost country's support because of his pardon of Nixon, and Carter won the nomination by portraying himself as an honest and candid "outsider," untainted by Washington politics.

Spiro Agnew

Governor of Maryland who ran as Vice President with Richard Nixon in 1968. He was known for his tough stands against dissidents and black militants. He strongly supported Nixon's desire to stay in Vietnam. He was forced to resign in October 1973 after having been accused of accepting bribes or "kickbacks" from Maryland contractors while governor and Vice President.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Griswold struck down and 1879 state law prohibiting the possession of contraception as a violation of married couples constitutional "right of privacy." Following the logic articulated in Griswold, the court gradually expanded the right of privacy in a series of cases in the late 1960s and early 1970s

Nixon's New Economic Policy

He imposed temporary price and wage control in 1971 in an effort to curb inflation and removed the United States from the gold standard allowing the dollar to float in international currency markets and effectively end the Bretton Woods monetary system established after WWII

Allan Bakke

He sued the University of California at Davis medical school for rejecting him, a white man, in favor of less qualified minority group candidates. Headlines across the country sparked anti-affirmative action protest marches on college campuses and vigorous discussion on television and radio and in the White House. Ultimately, the Supreme Court rejected the medical school's quota system, which set aside 16 of 100 places for "disadvantaged" students. The Court ordered Bakke admitted but indicated that a more flexible affirmative action plan, in which race could be considered along with other factors, would still pass constitutional muster

Barrack Obama

He was the democratic Senator from Illinois who won the 2008 presidential election against McCain and the 2012 election against Romney. He is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office.

Mikhail Gorbachev

Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of Communist governments in eastern Europe.

Battle of Seattle

In November 1999, and estimated 50,000 to 100,000 people from many states and foreign nations staged and effective protest at a World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The goals of the protesters were diffuse; many feared that the trend toward a system of free (capitalist run) trade would primarily benefit multinational corporations and would hurt both developing nations and the working classes in the industrialized world. Protests have continued at subsequent meetings of the WTO and World Bank

Contract with America

Initiatives by representative Newt Gingrich of Georgia for significant tax cuts, reduction in welfare programs, anticrime measures, and cutbacks in federal regulations

Deindustrialized unions

Instead of seeking higher wages, unions now mainly fought to save jobs. Union membership went into steep decline, and by the mid-1980s organized labor represented less than 18% of American workers, the lowest level since the 1920s

World Trade Organization

International economic body established in 1995 through the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade to enforce substantial tarriff and import quota reduction

Clinton: health-care

It's goal was to come up with a comprehensive plan to provide universal healthcare for all Americans, which was to be a cornerstone of the administration's first term agenda. The core element of the proposed plan was an enforced mandate for employers to provide health insurance coverage to all of their employees through competitive that closely regulated health maintenance organizations. Hillary Clinton, along with Ira Magaziner, was drafted by the Clinton administration to head a new task force and sell the plan to the American people, a plan which ultimately backfired amid the barrage of fire from pharmaceutical and health insurance industries and considerably diminished her own popularity

Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter, who had been a naval officer, a peanut farmer, and the governor of Georgia, emerged from the pack to win the Democratic presidential nomination in 1976. Trading on Watergate and his down-home image, Carter pledged to restore morality to the White House. "I will never lie to you," he promised to voters. Carter played up his credentials as a Washington outsider, although he selected senator Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota as his running mate, to ensure his ties to traditional Democratic voting bloc. Carter won with 50% of the popular vote to Ford's 48%

Televangelism

Jerry Falwell's Old Time Gospel Hour, Pat Robertson's 700 Club, and Jim and Tammy Bakker's PTL (Praise the Lord) Club were the leading pioneers in this televised race for American souls, but another half dozen - including Oral Roberts and Jimmy Swaggart - followed them onto the airwaves

"Save or Children" Campaign

Led by Anita Bryant in 1977, a conservative Baptist and a television celebrity, it garnered national media attention, resulting in the repeal of the gay rights ordinance passed in Dade County (Miami) and symbolizing the emergence of a conservative religious movement opposing gay rights

Economic Growth and Tax Relief Act

Legislation introduced by President George W. Bush and passed by Congress in 2001 that slashed income tax rates, extended the earned income credit for the poor, and marked the estate tax to be phased by 2010

Economic Recovery Tax Act

Legislation introduced by President Reagan and passed by Congress in 1981 that authorized the largest reduction in taxes in the nation's history

Personal Responsibility and Work Oppurtunity Reconciliation Act (1996)

Legislation signed by President Clinton in 1996 that replaced Aid to Families with Dependant Children, the major welfare program dating to the New Deal era, with Temporary Assistence for Needy Families, which provided grants to the states to assist the poor and which limited welfare payments to two years, with a lifetime maximum of five years

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

Los Angeles police chief Ed Davis and other conservatives vowed a nationwide campaign to bring back the death penalty - which was in fact shortly restored

The New York City crisis of 1975

Mayor Abraham Beame appealed to the federal government for assistance, but President Ford refused. "Ford to City: Drop Dead" read the headlines in the New York Daily News. Fresh appeals ultimately produced a solution: the federal government would lend New York money, and banks would declare a three-year moratorium on municipal debt. The city was saved from defaulting, but the mayor was forced to cut city services, freeze wages, and lay off workers

Ethics in Government Act (1978)

Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal, it forced political candidates to disclose financial contributions and limited the lobbying activities of former elected officials

Freedom of Information Act (1974)

Passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal, it gave citizens access to federal records

Affirmative Action

Policies established in the 1960s and 1970s by governments, businesses, universities, and other institutions to overcome the effects of past discrimination against specific groups such as racial and ethnic minorities and women. Measures to ensure equal opportunity included setting goals for the admission, hiring, and promotion of minorities; considering minority status when allocating resources; and actively encouraging victims of past discrimination to apply for jobs and other resources

Proposition 209 (1996)

Prohibited public institutions from using affirmative action to increase diversity in employment and education

Dan Quayle

Republican vice-presidential nominee in the 1988 election; ridiculed for factual and linguistic mistakes; George H. Bush's running mate in 1988 and 1992 , who had a hard time spelling "potato"

Election of 2004

Republicans campaigned as the party that was most determined to wage a war on terror, reinvigorating the national security issues that had served conservatives so well during the Cold War; he appealed to the generalized insecurity that many Americans felt after 9/11. Kerry enjoyed overwhelming support from those who opposed the Iraq war. Bush won by 51% of popular vote but 11 million extra people voted for him since the 2000 election

Election of 1980

Republicans nominated Ronald Reagan, against re-nominated Jimmy Carter, who nobody, not even his own Democrats liked. Reagan won easily and was very popular, Carter won only six states and the District of Columbia, putting the Republicans back in control for the first time in 25 years. Carter was defeated with dignity though, and was well meaning but had a lack of managerial skills. Also, the Iranian hostage crisis tarnished his chances of reelection

1970's economy

Stagflation occurred where there was serious inflation and a stagnant economy, unemployment was very high and continuously Rose, and the American public faced severe oil prices due to the oil embargo of October 1973 by OPEC

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Sweeping 2010 health care reform bill championed by President Obama that established nearly universal health insurance by providing subsidies and compelling larger businesses to offer coverage to employees

Watergate

Term referring to the 1972 break in at Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate complex in Washington DC, by men working for President Nixon reelection campaign, along with Nixon's efforts to cover it up. The Watergate scandal led to president Nixon's resignation

Roe v. Wade

The 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion, which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy. The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come. (abortions performed during the first trimester were protected by the right of privacy)

Persian Gulf War

The 1991 war between Iraq and the US led international coalition that was sparked by the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. A 40 day bombing campaign against Iraq followed by coalition troops storming into Kuwait brought a quick coalition victory

Iran - Contra Scandal

The Contras were an opposition group in Nicaragua that President Reagan ordered the CIA to assist. While Congress band the CIA and all other government agencies from providing any military support to the Contras, a lieutenant colonel in the US Marines, Oliver North, used at the profits from the Iranian arms dealer to assist the Contras,crediting in the Iran-Contra affair

Bower v. Hardwick (1986)

The Supreme Court upheld a Georgia sodomy statute that criminalized same-sex sexual acts

Election of 2000

The United States presidential election of 2000 was a contest between Republican candidate George W. Bush, then-governor of Texas and son of former president George H. W. Bush (1989-1993), and Democratic candidate Al Gore, then-Vice President. Bill Clinton, the incumbent President, was vacating the position after serving the maximum two terms allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment. Bush narrowly won the November 7 election, with 271 electoral votes to Gore's 266 (with one elector abstaining in the official tally). The election was noteworthy for a controversy over the awarding of Florida's 25 electoral votes, the subsequent recount process in that state, and the unusual event of the winning candidate having received fewer popular votes than the runner-up.[1] It was the closest election since 1876. Attorney and political activist Ralph Nader ran on the Green Party ticket and his running mate was Native American activist Winona LaDuke of Minnesota.

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

The court deepened it's intervention in criminal procedure by striking down all existing capital punishment laws

Gerald Ford

The day after Nixon resigned from office, vice President Gerald Ford was sworn in as president. Ford, the Republican minority leader in the House of Representatives, had replaced vice president Spyro Agnew, who had himself resigned in 1973 for excepting kickbacks while governor of Maryland. Ford stunned the nation by granting Nixon a "full, free, and absolute" pardon

Burger Court

The description given the United States Supreme Court from 1969 to 1986 (led by Chief Justice Warren Burger). It was expected that the "Burger Court" would become a conservative court under Warren Burger and reverse many of the liberal rulings of the earlier Warren Court. This was true to an extent with Burger's conservative beliefs but liberal decisions were also made by influence of the past Warren Court and fellow Supreme Court members, most notably Roe v. Wade

Deindustrialization

The dismantling of manufacturing - especially in the automobile, steel, and consumer good industries - in the decades after World War II, representing a reversal of the process of industrialize Asian that had dominated the American economy from the 1870s through the 1940s

Our Bodies, Ourselves

The first published as a $.35 mimeographed booklet, It became a groundbreaking book on women's health which inspired the women's health movement in founding dozens of medical clinics, encouraging women to become physicians, and educating millions of women about their bodies

Deregulation

The limiting of regulation by federal agencies. Deregulation of prices in the trucking, airline, and railroad industries had begun under President Carter in the late 1970s, and Reagan expanded it to include cutting back on government protection of consumers, workers, and the environment

Rust Belt

The once heavily industrialized region of the Northeast and Midwest that went into decline after deindustrialization. By the 1970s and 1980s, these regions were full of abandon plants and distressed communities

Globalization

The spread of political, cultural, and economic influences and connections among countries, businesses, and individuals around the world through trade, immigration, communication, and other means

Evangelicalism

The trend in Protestant Christianity that stresses salvation through conversion, repentance of sin, and adherence to scripture; it also stresses the importance of preaching over ritual

Watergate Babies

This was a term given to the 75 new, and young, Democratic members of the House that came to Washington in 1975 after the 1974 midterm elections. They solidified huge Democratic majorities in both houses of Congress and quickly set to work. They eliminated the house un-American activities committee (HUAC), which had investigated alleged Communists in the 1940s and 1950s and antiwar activists in the 1960s. In the Senate, Democrats reduced the number of votes needed to end a filibuster from 67 to 60, a move intended to weaken the power of the minority to block legislation. In both houses, Democrats dismantled existing committee structure, which had entrenched power in the hands of a few elite committee chairs

Election of 1984

Walter Mondale fought off challenges of Senator Gary Hart of Colorado and the magnetic Jesse Jackson who had established himself as the nation's most prominent spokesman for minorities and the poor. He selected a woman, Geraldine Ferraro of New York as his running mate, first female candidate to appear on a national ticket. Ronald Reagan focus on what he claimed was the remarkable revival of American's fortunes and spirits under his leadership. He uses phrases such as "It's Morning in America" and America Is Back". His victory was decisive.

HIV/AIDS

a deadly disease that killed nearly a hundred thousand people in the United States in the 1980's. It greatly affect the Gay community.

Moral Majority

a political organization established by Jerry Falwell in 1979 to mobilize conservative Christian voters on behalf of Ronald Reagan's campaign for president

Clinton: impeachment

after Clinton confessed before a jury that he and Lewinsky had an improper relationship, the prospect of impeachment became an issue, especially in the congressional elections. The House narrowly approved 2 counts of impeachment; lying to the grand jury and obstructing justice, and the matter moved to the Senate where a trial continued for weeks without generating any significant public support. It ended with a decisive acquittal of the president. The impeachment case was precipitated by the lawsuit from Paula Corbin Jones, a former Arkansas state employee, for sexual harassment

Iran Hostage Crisis

crisis that began in 1979 after the deposed shah of Iran was allowed into the United States following the Iranian Revolution. Iranians broke into the U.S. Embassy in Teheran and took 66 American hostages. The hostage crisis lasted 444 days and contributed to president Carter's reelection defeat

supply side economics (Reaganomics)

economic theory that tax cuts for individuals and businesses encourage investment and production (supply) and stimulate consumption (demand) because individuals can keep more of their earnings. In reality, supply-side economics created a massive federal budget deficit

Sunbelt

name applied to the Southwest and South, which grew rapidly after WWII as a center of defense industries and non-unionized labor