Chapter 3 & 4 Assignments

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What general type of stain is used to separate types of bacteria based on their cellular structures?

differential

The differential stage of the Gram stain is the application of ________.

ethanol

True or False: All bacteria can be classified as either gram-positive or gram-negative.

false

True or False: Bacteria are larger than human cells.

false

True or False: Bacteria are only visible with an electron microscope.

false

True or False: Endospores function in the reproduction of bacterial genera such as Bacillus and Clostridium

false

True or False: Most bacterial genera are capable of forming endospores

false

True or False: The presence of flagella can be determined by a Gram stain.

false

True or False: The thinner peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria allows the crystal-violet-iodine complex to leave the cell.

false

True or False: When a spore germinates, it gives rise to two vegetative cells.

false

Which of these organisms has the best potential to survive in extreme environments?

fungi

How long can spores survive?

million of years

When spore formation begins, the vegetative cell is referred to as the ________.

mother cell

Why must fresh cells be used when performing a Gram stain?

old cells may not gram-stain properly

Which of the following is considered an "adverse condition" by most bacteria

pH=4

The cortex is formed from ________.

peptidoglycan

In the final step of spore formation, a ________ coat forms around the cortex.

protein

When ethanol is applied correctly, gram-positive cells appear ________ and gram-negative cells appear ________.

purple; colorless

The term used to describe a cluster of spherical bacteria is _________.

staphylococci

Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a spore-forming bacterium?

strep throat

The developing spore is surrounded by ________.

the membrane of the mother cell

Yeasts are _______ fungi, and molds are ________ fungi.

unicellular; filamentous

When is sporulation initiated by spore-forming bacteria?

when nutrients are depleted or conditions becomes= adverse

If the Gram's iodine step was skipped in this technique, what would likely be seen under the microscope?

Most cells would appear red/pink

1. A vegatative cell is _____

a metabolically active cell

After Gram's iodine is added, what color do the cells appear under a light microscope?

all cells appear purple

which of the following conditions needs to be suitable for bacteria to grow

all of the choices are correct

In the next phase of spore formation, ________ enters the cortex and ________ leaves the cortex

calcium; water

Rod-shaped bacteria ________.

can be either gram positive or gram negative


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