Chapter 3 - Cells Practice Test

Chromosomes complete their migration and cleavage is clearly evident in what stage of Mitosis?

Telophase

A nerve cell and a muscle cell have the same genes, but express different subsets of them.

True

All cells in the human body, except red blood cells, have the same set of genetic material.

True

Apoptosis begins with a cell's receiving a signal to die.

True

Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move.

True

Cytoplasm is located between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope.

True

During telophase of mitosis, chromosomes elongate and form chromatin threads.

True

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.

True

Filtration requires hydrostatic pressure.

True

Integral proteins span the membrane, while peripheral proteins are found only on one side of the membrane.

True

Loss of cell cycle control can cause cancer.

True

Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton. True

True

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are meant to keep mitosis in check.

True

Peroxisomes and lysosomes are sacs that contain enzymes.

True

Stages of the cell cycle in correct sequence are interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, and differentiation.

True

Stem cells may be activated after an injury, helping to heal.

True

The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum take part in secretion.

True

The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of activity.

True

The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation.

True

Diffusion requires:

a concentration gradient.

Phagocytosis

a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

The cellular abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis is

abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways.

A selectively permeable membrane

allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.

The ability of the body to shed skin cells after a sunburn helps protect our skin from forming skin cancer and is called _________ .

apoptosis

A hypotonic solution

has a lower concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution.

Hypertonic

high osmotic pressure (shrinks)

The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration requires

hydrostatic pressure

Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution.

hypertonic

Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order:

interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation

Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Isotonic

same osmotic pressure (no change)

The defining characteristic of a stem cell is

self-renewal

Solute

substance dissolved in solvent

During apoptosis

the cell can no longer adhere to other cells.

The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is:

the greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.

The three major parts of a cell are

the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

Lucky people who cannot be infected with HIV are protected because

their cells lack receptors that admit the virus.

In the very early stage of development, cells can differentiate into any type of tissue. These cells are considered ______ .

totipotent

The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are

tumor suppressors and oncogenes.

Osmosis is the movement of

water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

Solution

dissolved solute in solvent

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Which of the following is the name of cell death resulting from damage?

necrosis

Active

needs ATP, against gradient

Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a

network of interconnected membranes.

Passive

no ATP, with gradient

The sequence of organelles and cell parts involved in milk secretion is

nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane.

Cellular adhesion molecules are

peripheral proteins

Adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by deficiency of a protein in the outer membrane of

peroxisomes

Transcytosis

(A) moving substances into, across, and then out of a cell

Endocytosis

(A) moving things into a cell

Exocytosis

(A) moving things out of a cell

Active transport

(A) uses protein pumps

Osmosis

(P) diffusion of water

Filtration

(P) forces things to separate using pressure

Facilitated diffusion

(P) molecules too big to cross membrane directly, instead use protein channels

Diffusion

(P) only small nonpolar molecules

The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is

40-60

Blood

5% glucose, 0.9% salt

About how many cells constitute the body of an adult?

50-100 trillion

A cell that secretes abundant proteins would have many nucleoli.

False

A stem cell divides to give rise to two differentiated cells.

False

A telomere is a type of hormone that controls the cell cycle.

False

All cell types can divide a limitless number of times. True

False

Apoptosis is a slow version of mitosis.

False

During interphase, a cell rests.

False

During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope.

False

Proteins are manufactured on mitochondria.

False

Transcytosis combines diffusion and active transport.

False

The nucleolus contains

RNA and protein.

Interphase

cell copies its DNA as preparation for the mitotic phase

Vesicles are formed from

cell membrane

Telophase

chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed

Anaphase

chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

Prophase

chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus

Metaphase

chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

The cell membrane

controls the entry and exit of various substances, maintains the integrity of the cell, and provides a barrier to water-soluble substances.

As a cell grows,

its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.

Solvent

liquid

Hypotonic

low osmotic pressure (swells)

A young man who ran 6 miles a day throughout high school is injured during his first season running cross country in college, and must rest for three months, then gradually begin exercising again. The skeletal muscles in his lower limbs decrease in size during this prolonged period of inactivity. The organelles that break down his muscle protein are

lysosomes

Cytoskeletal structures that are not found in all cell types are

myofibrils