Chapter 3 - Cells Practice Test
Chromosomes complete their migration and cleavage is clearly evident in what stage of Mitosis?
Telophase
A nerve cell and a muscle cell have the same genes, but express different subsets of them.
True
All cells in the human body, except red blood cells, have the same set of genetic material.
True
Apoptosis begins with a cell's receiving a signal to die.
True
Cilia and flagella extend from certain cells, enabling them to move.
True
Cytoplasm is located between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope.
True
During telophase of mitosis, chromosomes elongate and form chromatin threads.
True
Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.
True
Filtration requires hydrostatic pressure.
True
Integral proteins span the membrane, while peripheral proteins are found only on one side of the membrane.
True
Loss of cell cycle control can cause cancer.
True
Microfilaments and microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton. True
True
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are meant to keep mitosis in check.
True
Peroxisomes and lysosomes are sacs that contain enzymes.
True
Stages of the cell cycle in correct sequence are interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, and differentiation.
True
Stem cells may be activated after an injury, helping to heal.
True
The Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum take part in secretion.
True
The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of activity.
True
The process by which cells specialize is called differentiation.
True
Diffusion requires:
a concentration gradient.
Phagocytosis
a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells
The cellular abnormality that causes cystic fibrosis is
abnormal chloride channels that trap salt inside cells lining the lung passageways.
A selectively permeable membrane
allows some substances to pass through and excludes others.
The ability of the body to shed skin cells after a sunburn helps protect our skin from forming skin cancer and is called _________ .
apoptosis
A hypotonic solution
has a lower concentration (number) of solute particles than do the cells in the solution.
Hypertonic
high osmotic pressure (shrinks)
The movement of molecules through a membrane by filtration requires
hydrostatic pressure
Cells lose water when placed in a __________ solution.
hypertonic
Stages of the cell cycle unfold in the following order:
interphase, mitosis, cytoplasmic division, differentiation
Molecules bind to receptor sites and are enclosed in vesicles in the process of
receptor-mediated endocytosis
Isotonic
same osmotic pressure (no change)
The defining characteristic of a stem cell is
self-renewal
Solute
substance dissolved in solvent
During apoptosis
the cell can no longer adhere to other cells.
The relationship of osmotic pressure and the number of solute particles in a solution is:
the greater the number of solute particles, the greater the osmotic pressure.
The three major parts of a cell are
the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.
Lucky people who cannot be infected with HIV are protected because
their cells lack receptors that admit the virus.
In the very early stage of development, cells can differentiate into any type of tissue. These cells are considered ______ .
totipotent
The two types of genes that, when abnormal, cause cancer are
tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
Osmosis is the movement of
water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
Solution
dissolved solute in solvent
Cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
Which of the following is the name of cell death resulting from damage?
necrosis
Active
needs ATP, against gradient
Endoplasmic reticulum is best described as a
network of interconnected membranes.
Passive
no ATP, with gradient
The sequence of organelles and cell parts involved in milk secretion is
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, cell membrane.
Cellular adhesion molecules are
peripheral proteins
Adrenoleukodystrophy is caused by deficiency of a protein in the outer membrane of
peroxisomes
Transcytosis
(A) moving substances into, across, and then out of a cell
Endocytosis
(A) moving things into a cell
Exocytosis
(A) moving things out of a cell
Active transport
(A) uses protein pumps
Osmosis
(P) diffusion of water
Filtration
(P) forces things to separate using pressure
Facilitated diffusion
(P) molecules too big to cross membrane directly, instead use protein channels
Diffusion
(P) only small nonpolar molecules
The average number of divisions that a human cell cultured in a dish can undergo is
40-60
Blood
5% glucose, 0.9% salt
About how many cells constitute the body of an adult?
50-100 trillion
A cell that secretes abundant proteins would have many nucleoli.
False
A stem cell divides to give rise to two differentiated cells.
False
A telomere is a type of hormone that controls the cell cycle.
False
All cell types can divide a limitless number of times. True
False
Apoptosis is a slow version of mitosis.
False
During interphase, a cell rests.
False
During metaphase of mitosis, chromosomes first condense and become visible when stained and viewed under a microscope.
False
Proteins are manufactured on mitochondria.
False
Transcytosis combines diffusion and active transport.
False
The nucleolus contains
RNA and protein.
Interphase
cell copies its DNA as preparation for the mitotic phase
Vesicles are formed from
cell membrane
Telophase
chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed
Anaphase
chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
Prophase
chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
Metaphase
chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
The cell membrane
controls the entry and exit of various substances, maintains the integrity of the cell, and provides a barrier to water-soluble substances.
As a cell grows,
its surface area increases to a lesser degree than its volume.
Solvent
liquid
Hypotonic
low osmotic pressure (swells)
A young man who ran 6 miles a day throughout high school is injured during his first season running cross country in college, and must rest for three months, then gradually begin exercising again. The skeletal muscles in his lower limbs decrease in size during this prolonged period of inactivity. The organelles that break down his muscle protein are
lysosomes
Cytoskeletal structures that are not found in all cell types are
myofibrils