Chapter 3 Prenatal development and birth

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?

Comprehensive educational services Social services Nutritional services

The __________ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.

Germinal

In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid ___________ division.

cell

Blastocyst

hollow ball of cells

The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the

trophoblast

The outer layer of cells that eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______.

trophoblast

Typical prenatal development lasts how many weeks

38 to 40 `

The span between conception and birth usually lasts 38 to ________ weeks

40

Kiley has just felt a quick flutter feeling from her baby's movements. This information tells us that Kiley would probably be in her _________ month of her pregnancy

4th

Which of the following prescription drugs can function as a teratogen?

Antibiotics Synthetic estrogen Acne medications

Exposure to cocaine during prenatal development has been linked to which of the following? Select all that apply:

Deficits in behavioral self-regulation Impaired language development Impaired motor development

hat are ways that a mother can infect her offspring with HIV/AIDS? Select all that apply:

During delivery Across the placental barrier Through breastfeeding

The embryo's outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts, is known as the ______.

Ectoderm

The ____________ is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.

Germinal

What factors have contributed to the increase in preterm infants in the United States?

Increased substance abuse Increasing numbers of births to women 35 years and older Increasing rates of multiple births

In general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ______.

It occurs earlier in the pregnancy

________ which begins the week after conception, is the specialization of cells.

Mitosis

Regarding paternal risk factors, which of the following statements are TRUE?

There is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in offspring of older fathers. If a father smokes while the mother is pregnant, there is an increased risk for early pregnancy loss. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with autism.

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?

alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, tobacco

The developing embryo floats in the _________ , which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid

amnion

Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal use of caffeine during pregnancy? Select all that apply:

babies born small for gestational age low birth weight

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the

blastocyst

Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______.

blastocyst

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.

drank alcohol

Organogenesis takes place primarily during the ______ period.

embryonic

The period that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception is known as the ______.

embryonic period

The ______ is the inner layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems.

endoderm

The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the _______ period

fetal

The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles, is called the ______.

mesoderm

The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles, is called the ________

mesoderm

During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______.

mitosis

The __________ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join

placenta

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______.

placenta

________ drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.

psychoactive

Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy? Select all that app

respiratory problems ADHD SIDS Low birth weight

_________ is a sexually transmitted infection that is more damaging later in prenatal development and can cause skin lesions and eye lesions that can result in blindness.

syphilis

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n)

teratogen

There are ______ layers of cells within the embryo

three

Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called

trimesters

The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?

1

The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ______.

amnion

The embryo's outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts, is known as the

ectoderm

Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n)

embryo

Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, it is called a(n) _____.

embryo

Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, it is called a(n) ________.

embryo

The lower layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system, is called the

endoderm

Women who are pregnant at age 35 or older are at an elevated risk of having a pregnancy with which of the following complications?

fetal death preterm birth

Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?

fetal, embryonic, germinal

The process of organ development during the first 2 months of prenatal development is known as

ganogenesis

The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception.

germinal

The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______

implantation

During the _________ stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes.

second

Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the _________ ________ connects the baby to the placenta

umbilical cord