Chapter 3 Prenatal development and birth
Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?
Comprehensive educational services Social services Nutritional services
The __________ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division and implantation.
Germinal
In the germinal period, the zygote undergoes rapid ___________ division.
cell
Blastocyst
hollow ball of cells
The outer layer of cells around the embryo (which will eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo) is called the
trophoblast
The outer layer of cells that eventually provide nutrition and support for the embryo is called the ______.
trophoblast
Typical prenatal development lasts how many weeks
38 to 40 `
The span between conception and birth usually lasts 38 to ________ weeks
40
Kiley has just felt a quick flutter feeling from her baby's movements. This information tells us that Kiley would probably be in her _________ month of her pregnancy
4th
Which of the following prescription drugs can function as a teratogen?
Antibiotics Synthetic estrogen Acne medications
Exposure to cocaine during prenatal development has been linked to which of the following? Select all that apply:
Deficits in behavioral self-regulation Impaired language development Impaired motor development
hat are ways that a mother can infect her offspring with HIV/AIDS? Select all that apply:
During delivery Across the placental barrier Through breastfeeding
The embryo's outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts, is known as the ______.
Ectoderm
The ____________ is the first period of prenatal development, when the egg is fertilized and cell division takes place.
Germinal
What factors have contributed to the increase in preterm infants in the United States?
Increased substance abuse Increasing numbers of births to women 35 years and older Increasing rates of multiple births
In general, exposure to teratogens has a more serious impact when ______.
It occurs earlier in the pregnancy
________ which begins the week after conception, is the specialization of cells.
Mitosis
Regarding paternal risk factors, which of the following statements are TRUE?
There is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in offspring of older fathers. If a father smokes while the mother is pregnant, there is an increased risk for early pregnancy loss. Older fathers appear to have an increased risk of having children with autism.
Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?
alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, tobacco
The developing embryo floats in the _________ , which resembles a bag or an envelope and contains a clear fluid
amnion
Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal use of caffeine during pregnancy? Select all that apply:
babies born small for gestational age low birth weight
Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the group of cells is called the
blastocyst
Approximately one week after conception, when differentiation of the cells begins, the zygote is now a group of cells called the ______.
blastocyst
FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers ______ during pregnancy.
drank alcohol
Organogenesis takes place primarily during the ______ period.
embryonic
The period that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception is known as the ______.
embryonic period
The ______ is the inner layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory systems.
endoderm
The prenatal period that lasts about seven months in typical pregnancies, beginning two months after conception, is the _______ period
fetal
The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles, is called the ______.
mesoderm
The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles, is called the ________
mesoderm
During the germinal period, the zygote is undergoing rapid ______.
mitosis
The __________ is a life-support system that consists of blood vessels from the mother and offspring that intertwine but don't join
placenta
The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the ______.
placenta
________ drugs act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods.
psychoactive
Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy? Select all that app
respiratory problems ADHD SIDS Low birth weight
_________ is a sexually transmitted infection that is more damaging later in prenatal development and can cause skin lesions and eye lesions that can result in blindness.
syphilis
Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive, behavioral or physical outcomes is a(n)
teratogen
There are ______ layers of cells within the embryo
three
Prenatal development can be described in terms of equal three-month time periods called
trimesters
The specialization of cells in the zygote begins after approximately which week following conception?
1
The life-support system that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats is known as the ______.
amnion
The embryo's outermost layer, which will become the nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and skin parts, is known as the
ectoderm
Between two and eight weeks post-conception, the developing mass of cells is called a(n)
embryo
Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, it is called a(n) _____.
embryo
Once the blastocyst attaches to the uterine wall, it is called a(n) ________.
embryo
The lower layer of embryonic cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system, is called the
endoderm
Women who are pregnant at age 35 or older are at an elevated risk of having a pregnancy with which of the following complications?
fetal death preterm birth
Prenatal development is divided into what three periods?
fetal, embryonic, germinal
The process of organ development during the first 2 months of prenatal development is known as
ganogenesis
The ______ period of prenatal development takes place in the first two weeks after conception.
germinal
The attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall is referred to as ______
implantation
During the _________ stage of birth (which is called the "descent and emergence of the baby" stage), the mother bears down hard to push the baby out of her body; this stage typically lasts 45-60 minutes.
second
Consisting of two arteries and one vein, the _________ ________ connects the baby to the placenta
umbilical cord