Chapter 3 Psychology Questions

In general, prenatal care involves which of the following?

-Screening for manageable conditions -Testing for treatable diseases -A defined schedule of visits for medial care

When a mother is 40 years of age or older, the probability of a baby with Down syndrome is slightly over 1 in ______ births

100

The optimal maternal weight gain during pregnancy depends on multiple factors including the expectant mother's height, bone structure, and prepregnant nutritional state. However, a maternal weight gain of ___________ is associated with the best reproductive outcomes.

25 to 35

Who among the following would be the most likely to receive adequate prenatal care?

A non-Latina white woman

Which of the following prescription drugs can functions as teratogens?

Acne medications Antibiotics Some antidepressant Synthetic estrogen

What two birth defects are related to a failure of the neural tube to close?

Anencephaly Spina bifida

Which of the following takes place during the germinal period of prenatal development?

Attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall Creation of the fertilized egg Cell division

Amnion

Bag or envelope and contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats

All of the following are generally lower in individuals with FASD, except

Blood pressure

A mother can infect her offspring with HIV/AIDS in all of the following ways except

By kissing and hugging the baby

When a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's Fallopian tube, what occurs?

Conception

Umbilical cord

Contains two arteries and one vein that connect the baby to the placenta

When a pregnant mother is an adolescent, the mortality rate of the infant _______, as compared to infants born to mothers in their twenties

Doubles

FASD may occur in offspring whose mothers __________ during pregnancy

Drank alcohol

The neural tube develops out the embryo's

Ectoderm

Maternal obesity can cause which of the following outcomes?

Elevated rates of hypertension Respiratory issues Diabetes

The period that occurs from two to eight weeks after concept is known as the _______ period.

Embryonic

High maternal stress during pregnancy has been linked with a higher risk of having a child with which of the following?

Emotional problems Language delay ADHD Cognitive issues

The ________ is the inner layer of cells, which will develop into the digestive and respiratory system.

Endoderm

Fertilization typically takes place in the

Fallopian tube

E-cigarettes are less harmful to a developing fetus and are therefore a good option for pregnant women.

False

The US food and drug administration recommends that pregnant women consume caffeine on a regular basis

False

The prenatal stage that begins about two months after conception is the _______ stage.

Fetal

Which of the following is the prenatal period that last about seven months?

Fetal

The basic architecture of the human brain is assembled during the

First two trimesters

___________ is a B-complex vitamin that is important for normal prenatal development

Folic acid

The _______ period includes the creation of the fertilized egg or zygote, cell division, and attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall

Germinal

Anencephaly

Head end of neural tube fails to close Highest regions of the brain fail to develop and fetus dies in womb, childbirth, or shortly after birth

Which of the following is true about exercise during pregnancy?

How much and what type of exercise depends on the expectant mother's fitness

Which of the following are potential adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes due to maternal obesity?

Hypertension Diabetes Respiratory complications

AIDS is a disease that damages the body's ______ system

Immune

Exposure to cocaine during prenatal development has been linked to which of the following?

Impaired language development Impaired motor development Cognitive deficits

The United States has a higher incidence of low birth weight babies than many other countries in the world. This can be best attributed to which of the following?

Inadequate prenatal care

spina bifida

Incomplete development of the spinal cord or its coverings Results in varying degrees of paralysis of lower limbs

Endoderm

Inner layer of cells, which develop into the digestive and respiratory systems

All of the following nutritional factors influence whether or not a baby will be born malformed, except

Intake of spicy food

Which of the following is true of fish consumption during pregnancy?

It should be done in moderation and, due to mercury contamination, some types of fish should be avoided altogether

When a pregnant mother is 35 year of age and older, the risk increases for which of the following?

Low birth weight Preterm delivery Fetal death

Lack of adequate prenatal care has been associated with which of the following?

Low birth weight babies

According to a large-scale study, pregnant women's caffeine intake was linked to which of the following in their offspring?

Lower birth weight

According to one meta-analysis, meth use during pregnancy results in what?

Lower birth weight Premature birth Smaller head circumference

Prenatal exposure to marijuana has been linked to which of the following?

Lower intelligence Low birth weight

Which of the following are psychoactive drugs?

Marijuana Caffeine Nicotine Alcohol

Embryo

Mass of cells Three layers of cells form

Which of the following are risk factors for the development of a neural tube defect in a fetus?

Maternal diabetes Obesity High levels of stress

Which of the following are considered teratogens?

Maternal stress Advanced paternal age Nutritional deficiencies Drugs Infectious disease

The middle layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, and muscles is called the

Mesoderm

Mesoderm

Middle layer which becomes circulatory system, bones, muscles, excretory system, and reproductive system

Information processing at the cellular level in the brain is handled by nerve cells known as

Neurons

According to the US surgeon general,

No alcohol should be consumed during pregnancy.

Ectoderm

Outermost layer, becomes nervous system and brain, sensory receptors (ears, nose, and eyes), and skin parts (hair and nails)

The female egg is known as the

Ovum

Embryonic period

Period of prenatal development that occurs from two to eight weeks after conception Rate of cell differentiation intensifies, support systems for cells form, and organs appear

Germinal period

Period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception Creation of fertilized egg, cell division, and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall

Fetal period

Prenatal period between two months after conception and birth in typical pregnancies.

Recent research indicates maternal depression during pregnancy is linked to

Preterm infants

Neurogenesis

Process that continues through the remainder of the prenatal period although it is largely complete by the end of the fifth month after conception 200,000 neurons being generated every minute

Which of the following influence why some women in the US receive inadequate prenatal care?

Provider practices The health-care system Social characteristics

Amniotic fluid

Provides environment that is temperature and humidity controlled

The general term for drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, and change moods is

Psychoactive drugs

Which of the following environmental hazards lead to gene mutation and chromosomal abnormalities in the offspring?

Radiation

Specific hazards to the embryo or fetus include which of the following?

Radiation Toxic waste Chemical pollutants

Exposure to cocaine during prenatal development is associated with

Reduced birth weight, length, and head circumference

Which of the following markers is used to determine the compatibility of a mother's and fetus's blood types?

Rh- factor

Women who plan to have children should be given a blood test before they become pregnant to determine whether they are immune to

Rubella

Sudden infant death syndrome, preterm births and low birth weights, respiratory problems, and cardiovascular problems are more common among the offspring of mothers who ________ during pregnancy.

Smoked

Prenatal care often includes which of the following components?

Social services Nutritional services Comprehensive educational services

For the best maternal and infant outcomes, current recommendations emphasize

Some physical activity throughout most of the pregnancy

Methamphetamine has which of the following effects on an individual?

Speeds up the nervous system

Conception

Sperm cell from male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's Fallopian tube in a process called fertilization

Which of the following might happen if a fetus' blood is Rh-positive and the mother's is Rh-negative?

Stillbirth, anemia, jaundice, and brain damage might result The mother's immune system may produce antibodies that will attack the fetus

When a pregnant woman experiences intense stress, which of the following can occur?

Substance abuse Poor prenatal care Physiological changes that may affect the fetus

Which of the following can produce defects in offspring or cause damage during birth?

Syphilis Rubella Genital herpes

Research indicates that prescription drugs can act as a(n) ________ to the unborn fetus.

Teratogen

For a particular teratogen, the severity of damage to the embryo of fetus and the type of defect are influenced by which of the following?

The dosage Genetic susceptibility Time of exposure

Which of the following would not be an aspect of the genetic susceptibility of an embryo or fetus to a teratogen?

The dose of the teratogen

Drinking one or two servings of beer or wine a few days a week during pregnancy can cause negative effects on the fetus

True

HIV can be transmitted through breast feeding.

True

Because it links them with other social services, prenatal care is particularly important for which of the following?

Women in poverty

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

a cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy

Teratogen

any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes

Placenta

consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join

The use of marijuana by pregnant women leads to _______ in their offspring

deficits in memory and information processing Low birth weight

The rate of cell differentiation intensifies, the support systems for cells form, and organs appear during which period?

embryonic

The _________ tube is the beginning of the formation of the nervous system

neural

The generation of new neurons that takes place beginning at the fifth prenatal week is known as

neurogenesis

In a normal pregnancy, Neurogenesis begins

once the neural tube has closed

Organogenesis

organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development

The umbilical cord connects the baby to the ________, a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine but do not join

placenta

The umbilical cord contains two arteries and one vein, and it connects the baby to the

placenta

Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes is referred to as a

teratogen

Research indicates that prescription drugs can act as a(n) _________ to the unborn fetus

teratogen