Chapter 3 Study Questions

Which of the following is NOT true? a) Most of the immigrants to the United States are females between the ages of 40 to 65. b) Female immigrants include the group reuniting with husbands. c) Increased Mexican female migrations reflects the changing role of women in Mexico. d) Unaccompanied minors arriving from Central America to the United States are pushed because of gang-related activity. e) Movement between developing countries includes higher numbers of elderly migrants than between developed countries.

a) Most of the immigrants to the United States are females between the ages of 40 to 65.

A principal factor in the population shift westward in the 1850s-1880s was a) a gold rush. b) the Erie Canal. c) agricultural expansion in the Great Plains. d) new uses for the American desert. e) a war with Mexico.

a) a gold rush.

Which of the following statements about intraregional migration is NOT true? a) counterurbanization is the latest trend in rural to urban migration b) it helps to describe the global trend of urbanization c) types vary between developed and developing countries d) it can describe rural to urban, urban to rural, and urban to suburban movement e) it is much more common than interregional or international migration

a) counterurbanization is the latest trend in rural to urban migration

The "Trail of Tears" for America's indigenous population was a process of a) legally mandated forced migration. b) voluntary relocation of male family members. c) forced relocation of male family members. d) voluntary relocation fraught with high death tolls. e) legally mandated forced relocation of children to new schools in the west.

a) legally mandated forced migration.

The ability to move either temporarily or permanently is best described by the term a) mobility. b) migration. c) nomadism. d) voluntary migration. e) circulation.

a) mobility.

Judge which of the following is the strongest example of a state government attempting to limit migration. a) requiring police to stop cars that are driven by people who may be immigrants b) requiring police to ask for citizenship documents after they have arrested someone c) requiring immigrants to pay higher college tuition d) allowing politicians to make anti-immigrant statements to the news media e) allowing thousands of people to march either to support or oppose reforms to immigration legislation

a) requiring police to stop cars that are driven by people who may be immigrants

Most European guest workers come from which parts of Europe? a) south and east b) south and west c) north and west d) north and central e) central and west

a) south and east

Which of the following provides the best reason why geographers examine migration patterns? a) to explain changes in population, cultural values, and economic practices in various places b) to explain the influence of tectonic activity on population growth and distribution c) to understand why human migration has only occurred since the beginning of the twenty-first century d) to develop policies to better control migration flows e) to estimate when a society will enter stage 5 of the demographic transition

a) to explain changes in population, cultural values, and economic practices in various places

Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States? a) urban to suburban b) seasonal migration in winter months c) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan d) net emigration from the northeast e) rural to urban

a) urban to suburban

Based on the information in Figure 3-3, Migration to and from India, 2017, which of the following is true? a) Most immigrants to India originate in the United Kingdom. b) People migrating from India are moving to oil rich countries most likely for economic reasons. c) We can conclude that India is in Stage 1 of the demographic transition. d) Bangladesh is facing a severe shortage of workers. e) People migrating from India are moving only to countries in stage 4 of the demographic transition.

b) People migrating from India are moving to oil rich countries most likely for economic reasons.

A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration it is an example of a) an environmental push factor. b) an intervening obstacle. c) a forced migration. d) a cultural pull factor. e) an environmental incentive.

b) an intervening obstacle.

Recent immigrants to the United States a) are nearly evenly distributed among all states. b) are spread throughout several states according to economic prospects. c) are distributed evenly along the southern U.S. border and the east and west coasts. d) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois and are seldom in other areas. e) have not been attracted to rural and agricultural areas.

b) are spread throughout several states according to economic prospects.

John Steinbeck's classic work of historical fiction The Grapes of Wrath told the story of a family who lost their farm in Oklahoma to drought and the Great Depression and thereafter moved in search of jobs rumored to be available in California. Identify the environmental push factor represented in this scenario. a) economic opportunities b) drought c) job change d) economic downturn e) climate in California

b) drought

Which country has the greatest total number of foreign-born resident? a) Germany b) the United States c) the United Kingdom d) Australia e) China

b) the United States

Which of the following statements about Europeans temporary workers is FALSE? a) the countries were in Stage 4 or 5 of the demographic transition b) they were forced to go home after a few months c) there was a need in large cities for workers to fill jobs in sanitation, bus driving, and construction d) these guest worker programs no longer exist e) they were seen as useful additions to the society and economy

b) they were forced to go home after a few months

Which of the following is considered a neutral term in the United States for people entering the country without legal documents? a) step migrants b) unauthorized immigrants c) illegal aliens d) temporary residents e) undocumented immigrants

b) unauthorized immigrants

Which of the following is FALSE? a) Migration to a suburban area because of schools and housing prices is known as counterurbanization. b) The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water. c) Countries with slow population growth but strong economies commonly experience out-migration. d) Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors. e) The three major kinds of push factors are political, economic, and environmental.

c) Countries with slow population growth but strong economies commonly experience out-migration.

Which of the following correctly pairs a time period with a phase of United States' immigration? a) the leading sources of twenty-first century Asian immigration are the result of climate change in places such as Bangladesh, Oceania, or the Maldives b) voluntary migration from Latin America due to religious persecution in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries c) Early twentieth century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe coincided with the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution through continental Europe d) Ellis Island became a major immigration processing center in the colonial era e) voluntary migration from Sub-Saharan Africa in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

c) Early twentieth century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe coincided with the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution through continental Europe

The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been a) South Asia. b) Australia. c) North America. d) South America. e) Asia.

c) North America.

Use Figure 3-1, Population Change by County 2016-2017 to answer the question. Which conclusion about U.S. Migration is supported by the map data? a) People migrating from Appalachia are likely moving to New England. b) Net in-migration in the Dakotas is associated with clean water supplies. c) Rural counties in Colorado have higher in-migration than rural counties in Northern Arizona. d) Both Florida and Texas had net out-migration as a result of hurricanes. e) Seattle and Portland represent high urban decline and a comparable rise in rural populations.

c) Rural counties in Colorado have higher in-migration than rural counties in Northern Arizona.

Which of the following is TRUE? a) Given the improvements in Mexico's standard of living, less than 25 percent of those entering the United States come from Mexico. b) The United States no longer legally recognized birth on American soil as legal citizenship. c) The number of unauthorized immigrants is less than the number leaving. d) California and Florida have the largest number of unauthorized immigrants. e) Unauthorized immigrants are more likely to be employed in white collar jobs.

c) The number of unauthorized immigrants is less than the number leaving.

Which of the following people would you deduce is most likely to engage in rural to urban migration in the near future? a) A marketing director for a large corporation who is being asked to move from one metropolitan area to another. b) The eldest son of a large family in China who is the only member of the household with knowledge about planting and herding animals. c) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China whose main source of income is herding animals. d) A young married woman in central Detroit who are worried about safety and the quality of schools in her neighborhood. e) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China who have all recently moved to Shanghai.

c) The unmarried daughter of a large family in China whose main source of income is herding animals.

Which is TRUE about the large number of Syrian migrants arriving in Europe? a) This movement is evidence of political pull factor. b) This movement is evidence of family-based migration. c) This movement is challenged by the European hostility to migrants. d) This movement is evidence of an economic push factor. e) This movement is evidence of a circular mobility.

c) This movement is challenged by the European hostility to migrants.

Which of the following people would you predict to be LEAST likely to engage in voluntary migration in the near future? a) the dictator of a nation-state whose corruption was instrumental in winning another election b) a youth whose village has been targeted by anti-rebel groups in a civil war c) a teenaged girl in China whose rural family would like to send her younger sibling to college in the future d) a teenaged girl whose family's home has just been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, which has also rendered the entire valley uninhabitable e) a youth whose parents have just been murdered because they helped form a labor union in a traditionally exploited province of a developing country

c) a teenaged girl in China whose rural family would like to send her younger sibling to college in the future

The temporary movement of migrant workers between home and host countries and back again to seek employment is known as a) chain migration. b) step migration. c) circular migration. d) unauthorized mobility. e) brain drain.

c) circular migration.

Which of the following are the most common factors influencing the decision to migrate? a) affordable housing, healthier food, and citizenship b) reuniting with family and friends c) cultural freedom, environmental comfort, and economic opportunity d) business opportunities and health care e) cultural freedom, environmental protection, and lower food costs

c) cultural freedom, environmental comfort, and economic opportunity

A country experiences net in-migration if the number of immigrants a) reflects phase 4 of the population transition. b) reflects stage 3 of the epidemiological transition. c) exceeds the number of emigrants. d) is lower than the net migration number. e) equals the number of emigrants.

c) exceeds the number of emigrants.

Most Asian migration to the United States is through the process of a) unauthorized immigration. b) expansion diffusion. c) family-based migration. d) brain drain. e) global circulation.

c) family-based migration.

The most common environmental push factor in the United States in recent years is a) earthquakes. b) mosquito-borne diseases. c) flooding caused by rain, rising seas, or hurricanes. d) forest fires. e) price of water.

c) flooding caused by rain, rising seas, or hurricanes.

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by a) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior. b) increasing industrial development on the Atlantic coast. c) moving the capital to Brasilia. d) dictating optimal locations for factories. e) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive.

c) moving the capital to Brasilia.

Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe? a) north and east b) central c) south and east d) south and west e) north and west

c) south and east

Which of the following is TRUE? a) During the 1980s, Vietnam provided the largest number of authorized immigrants to the United States. b) Because of civil war and ethnic cleansing most of the quota numbers are filled by refugees. c) In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the United States. d) If an acclaimed and talented professional artist emigrates she could be judged as part of her home country's brain drain. e) The main reason for unauthorized immigration to the United States is to escape political persecution.

d) If an acclaimed and talented professional artist emigrates she could be judged as part of her home country's brain drain.

If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, barring any other evidence, you might strongly suspect that they originated in a) Russia or Bulgaria. b) Norway or England. c) Spain or Portugal. d) Ireland or Germany. e) Italy or Poland.

d) Ireland or Germany.

Suburbanization within more developed countries is due to a) global investment. b) increasing employment opportunities. c) regional development. d) desire to change lifestyle. e) expanding urban territory.

d) desire to change lifestyle.

Since the 1970s, the largest group of immigrants from Mexico are a) males. b) two-parent families. c) retirees. d) females. e) children.

d) females.

Which one of the following is the best example of circulation? a) visiting a university in a distant state in order to determine whether it best suits your needs as a prospective college student b) working at a ski resort every year over winter break c) taking your car to the mechanic because its transmission stopped functioning after six years of use d) going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies e) going to a grocery store to buy supplies for your friend's twenty-first birthday party

d) going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies

According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were a) encouraged to remain in Mexico because of shortages of workers. b) automatically transformed into U.S. citizens in a blanket "amnesty." c) no longer eligible for public services in the United States. d) issued visas to permit them to remain in the United States. e) established as guest workers following the German model.

d) issued visas to permit them to remain in the United States.

The UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) identified 3 groups forced to migrate for political reasons. Who are they? a) IDPs, refugees, indigenous persons b) asylum seekers, guest workers, IDPs c) refugees, political prisoners, those displaced by earthquakes and tsunamis d) refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers e) refugees, political exiles, indigenous persons

d) refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers

Which part of Ravenstein's migration theory is no longer true? a) most are single people b) most migrants are young adults seeking work c) reasons for migration are a combination of push and pull factors d) the ages of migrants from every part of the world is about the same e) long-distance migrants are mostly likely male

d) the ages of migrants from every part of the world is about the same

Which of the following statements is true about the U.S.-Mexico border? a) The U.S. Department of Homeland Security makes sure the border is easily identified in all places by border fences and flags. b) Urban areas are more likely to restrict traffic across the border. c) The border stretches nearly 1,000 miles through remote and uninhabited areas. d) Most border crossings taking place on foot are illegal. e) A joint U.S.-Mexican International Boundary and Water Commission is responsible for keeping official maps, and marking the location of the border, based on a series of nineteenth-century treaties.

e) A joint U.S.-Mexican International Boundary and Water Commission is responsible for keeping official maps, and marking the location of the border, based on a series of nineteenth-century treaties.

Which of the following is FALSE? a) Refugees have engaged in forced migration. b) Forced migration can be caused by "cultural" factors such as ethnic cleansing, warfare, or persecution. c) Historically, the center of population in the United States has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south. d) In recent decades, the most important type of internal migration within the United States is from urban to suburban areas. e) Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization.

e) Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization.

Which of the following statements is an accurate generalization about the flows of migrant workers in Europe? a) European immigration laws bar the admission of refugees. b) Western Europeans primarily migrate to Eastern Europe because their skills are in higher demand there. c) Europe continues to fill its need for labor through government-sponsored "guest worker" programs. d) Immigrants from outside Europe enter Europe temporarily to work before returning to their countries of origin. e) Most migration flows from Eastern Europe to Western Europe.

e) Most migration flows from Eastern Europe to Western Europe.

Which of the following statements regarding interregional migration in China is correct? a) Most migrants are seeking work in rural factories. b) Most Chinese migrants are seeking work on farms. c) China's government prohibits long-distance migration. d) Most people are moving to the interior of China to find work. e) Most migration is from rural to urban areas.

e) Most migration is from rural to urban areas.

Which of the following is an historical example of a cultural push factor? a) The British government allowed most of the population of Montserrat to migrate elsewhere in the 1990s after volcanic eruptions devastated large parts of the island. b) Many European farmers in the late 1800s chose to migrate to North America, as well as to Latin American countries where they felt that political and economic conditions would favor them. c) The United States actively sought Mexican agricultural laborers during and after World War II. d) Changing climates likely encouraged the early migrations of hunter-gatherers. e) The U.S. government's policy of relocating the North America's indigenous population to reservations in the West.

e) The U.S. government's policy of relocating the North America's indigenous population to reservations in the West.

Choose the statement that most accurately describes unauthorized immigrants to the United States. a) Unauthorized immigrants tend to take jobs in education, health care, and finance. b) The majority of unauthorized immigrants come from China and India. c) The number of unauthorized immigrants has increased since 2007. d) The majority of unauthorized immigrants are children. e) The duration of residency in the United States has been increasing for unauthorized immigrants.

e) The duration of residency in the United States has been increasing for unauthorized immigrants.

Which of the following summaries of the history of intraregional urbanization is best supported by the text? a) Urbanization began with the Industrial Revolution in Latin America and Asia, then spread to North America and Europe, and finally to Africa. b) A loss of industrial jobs sent people in Europe and Asia into the countryside, where they established large cities based upon agriculture. c) This trend has continued in the Americas and Africa. c) Urbanization encouraged population growth, which in turn encouraged people to move to rural areas in search of farmland to feed the population. d) In the United States twice as many people migrate from the suburbs to the cities than from the cities to the suburbs each year. e) Urbanization began in Europe and North America because of the Industrial Revolution. More recently urbanization has spread to Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

e) Urbanization began in Europe and North America because of the Industrial Revolution. More recently urbanization has spread to Asia, Latin America, and Africa.

The world's remittance economy is a) is reduced by heavy taxation of immigrants b) .restricted only to U.S. remittances. c) often impossible because banks are expressly prohibited from transferring these electronic funds. d) insignificant in total dollar amounts transferred. e) a more than half-trillion dollar industry.

e) a more than half-trillion dollar industry.

Between 1900-1940 a) immigrants bypassed the plains going directly to the West Coast. b) coastal Atlantic cities, especially southern cities, began to grow rapidly. c) high numbers of Asian immigrants arrived on the West Coast. d) oil towns of Houston and Los Angeles grew exponentially. e) the Great Plains became a destination for immigrants.

e) the Great Plains became a destination for immigrants.

"Brain drain" is a) people forced to migrate for political reasons. b) a net decline in literacy. c) a cultural feature that hinders migration. d) the process by which people are given reference for migration. e) the large-scale emigration of talented people.

e) the large-scale emigration of talented people.

The transfer of money by migrants to family or community members in their country of origin is a) reimbursement for travel. b) a visa tax. c) required to return home. d) a form of global aid. e) a remittance.

e) a remittance.