Chapter 4

The number of electrons in a sodium ion, Na^+, is -) 12 -) 10 -) 23 -) 11

10

Write the electron dot symbol for nitrogen.

. : N . .

Draw Lewis structure for potassium oxide.

. K . .. O .. . . K

Draw Lewis structures that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. H2SO4 Draw the Lewis dot structure for H2SO4.

.. : O : .. .. .. H : O : S : O : H .. .. .. : O : ..

How many total valence electrons are in NCl3? -) 58 -) 26 -) 13 -) 6

26

Draw Lewis structures that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. C2N2 Draw the Lewis dot structure for C2N2.

: N:::C : C :::N :

Draw Lewis structures that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. COCl2 Draw the Lewis dot structure for COCl2.

: O : .. .. .. .. : Cl : C : Cl : .. ..

The structure of formaldehyde, CH2O, has -) a double covalent bond between carbon and oxygen. -) all ionic bonds. -) all single covalent bonds. -) a triple covalent bond between carbon and oxygen.

A double covalent bond between carbon and oxygen.

Supply a formula to match the name barium nitrate Express your answer as a chemical formula.

Ba(NO3)2

Which substance has ionic bonds? -) O2 -) OF2 -) H2O -) BaO

BaO

Which of the following compounds is NOT polar? -) NF3 -) CBr4 -) CH2F2 -) NH2I

CBr4

Which substance has covalent bonds? -) CO2 -) KF -) NaF -) MgI2

CO2

Write a formula for the name or a name for the formula for the following covalent compound: Carbon disulfide Express your answer as a chemical formula.

CS2

Which atom is least likely to form an ion? -) carbon -) oxygen -) chlorine -) sodium

Carbon

Write a formula for the name or a name for the formula for the following covalent compound: C Br 4 Spell out the full name of the compound.

Carbon Tetrabromide

Supply a name to match the formula for CsMnO4 Spell out the full name of the compound.

Cesium permanganate

In the hydrogen chloride molecule, HCl, the chlorine end of the molecule is more negative than the hydrogen end because -) hydrogen transfers an electron to chlorine. -) hydrogen is more electronegative than chlorine. -) hydrogen and chlorine have the same electronegativity. -) chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Chlorine is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Which of the following pairs of atoms will form a polar covalent bond? -) C and H -) H and H -) Cl and H -) Na and Ne

Cl and H

Write a formula for the name or a name for the formula for the following covalent compound: Chlorine trifluoride Express your answer as a chemical formula.

ClF3

The shape of a water molecule is -) trigonal planar. -) tetrahedral. -) linear. -) bent.

Bent

What molecular shape would a molecule with two bonded atoms and two lone pairs adopt? -) triangular -) linear -) tetrahedral -) bent

Bent

Atoms and molecules with odd numbers of electrons are called -) free radicals. -) ions. -) covalent. -) odd.

Free radicals

When barium reacts with iodine, barium ions, Ba^2+, and iodide ions, I^-, are formed. In this reaction, iodine atoms -) gain electrons. -) lose protons. -) gain protons. -) lose electrons.

Gains electrons

The number of protons in a cation must always be ________ the number of electrons. (Greater than, Less than, or Equal to).

Greater than.

From the periodic table, the number of valence electrons for most of the main group elements may be determined directly from the -) group number. -) period number. -) atomic number. -) nucleon number.

Group number

Use Lewis dot symbols to show the sharing of electrons between a phosphorus atom and hydrogen atoms to form a molecule in which phosphorus has an octet of electrons. Draw the Lewis dot structure.

H .. : P : H .. H

Draw Lewis structures that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. C2H4 Draw the Lewis dot structure for C2H4.

H . . . . H C :: C H . . . . H

Which substance has nonpolar covalent bonds? -) NaBr -) CO -) NO2 -) H2

H2

Hydrogen and sulfur react to form -) H2S. -) H4S2. -) HS. -) HS2.

H2S

The electronegativity values of some elements are shown in the table below. Element Electronegativity H 2.1 C 2.5 N 3.0 O 3.5 F 4.0 S 2.5 Cl 3.0 Br 2.8 B 2.0 Classify these molecules as polar or nonpolar. Which molecules are polar? N2, HBr, CH3Cl, CCl4, H2S, and BBr3

HBr, CH3Cl, and H2S.

Which of the following statements regarding Lewis dot symbols of ions are false with respect to outermost electrons? Match the words (true/false) in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Ca^2+ always has one electron around it. -) True -) False

False

The formula of iron(II) phosphate is -) Fe3(PO4)2. -) Fe2(PO4)3. -) Fe2PO4. -) FePO4.

Fe3(PO4)2.

Match the names and symbols for the ions below. The symbol for iron(II) ion is -) Cu^+ -) C^+ -) Na^2+ -) Na^+ -) Cu^2+ -) Fe^2+ -) Fe^+ -) I^- -) I^+

Fe^2+

Supply a formula to match the name potassium permanganate Express your answer as a chemical formula.

KMnO4

Supply a formula to match the name potassium hydroxide Express your answer as a chemical formula.

KOH

Supply a name to match the formula for PbSO4 Spell out the full name of the compound.

Lead(II) sulfate

Which of the following is a binary compound? -) O2 -) LiBr -) Na2SO4 -) HCN

LiBr

In reactions to form ionic compounds, metals generally -) become non-metals. -) lose electrons. -) gain electrons. -) do not react.

Lose electrons

The electronegativity values of some elements are shown in the table below. Element Electronegativity H 2.1 C 2.5 N 3.0 O 3.5 F 4.0 S 2.5 Cl 3.0 Br 2.8 B 2.0 Classify these molecules as polar or nonpolar. Which molecules are nonpolar? N2, HBr, CH3Cl, CCl4, H2S, and BBr3

N2, CCl4, and BBr3

What is the formula of ammonium nitrate? -) NH4NO3 -) NH4N -) NH4(NO3)2 -) (NH4)2NO3

NH4NO3

Write a formula for the name or a name for the formula for the following covalent compound: Sulfur Trioxide Express your answer as a chemical formula.

SO3

Which of the following is a polyatomic ion? -) HCN -) Na+ -) SO4^2- -) H2

SO4^2-

A covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is -) split. -) shared. -) transferred. -) destroyed.

Shared

In a nonpolar covalent bond, electrons are -) uncharged. -) shared unequally. -) shared equally. -) transferred.

Shared equally

Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shape of each of the following molecules: Which molecule is Tetrahedral ? Ammonia (NH3), Silane (SiH4), Hydrogen Selenide (H2Se), and Carbon Tetraiodide (CI4).

Silane (SiH4) and Carbon Tetraiodide (CI4).

One of two binary ionic compounds is often added to toothpaste. One of these compounds contains sodium and fluorine; the other contains tin(II) ions and fluorine. Write the formula for the compound that contains tin(II) and fluorine. Express your answer as a chemical formula.

SnF2

If a central atom has four electron sets attached to it, the geometry about the central atom is -) trigonal planar. -) tetrahedral. -) pyramidal. -) linear.

Tetrahedral

Write a formula for the name or a name for the formula for the following covalent compound: P4S6 Spell out the full name of the compound.

Tetraphosphorus Hexsulfide

Names of simple positive ions (cations) are derived from those of their parent elements and simply add the word "ion". For example, when a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a sodium ion (Na^+). A magnesium atom (Mg), on losing two electrons, becomes a magnesium ion (Mg^2+). When a metal can form more than one ion, the charges on the different ions are denoted by Roman numerals in parentheses. For example, Fe^2+ is iron(II) ion and Fe^3+ is iron(III) ion. Using this information, write the symbol for the following ions: Titanium(IV) Enter the chemical symbol of the ion.

Ti^4+

One of two binary ionic compounds is often added to toothpaste. One of these compounds contains sodium and fluorine; the other contains tin(II) ions and fluorine. Write the name for the compound that contains tin(II) and fluorine. Spell out the full name of the compound.

Tin(II) fluoride

An ionic bond is formed when electrons are -) split. -) transferred. -) shared. -) destroyed.

Transferred

Atoms will tend to gain or lose electrons in order to form a noble gas configuration. -) True -) False

True

The Cl^- ion and the K^+ ion are isoelectronic. -) True -) False

True

The valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) can be used to predict the arrangement of atoms around a central atom. -) True -) False

True

Which of the following statements regarding Lewis dot symbols of ions are false with respect to outermost electrons? Match the words (true/false) in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. In ionic compounds containing bromide ions, Br^− is isoelectronic with Kr. -) True -) False

True

Which of the following statements regarding Lewis dot symbols of ions are false with respect to outermost electrons? Match the words (true/false) in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. In lithium chloride, Li^+ has no electrons around it. -) True -) False

True

Which of the following statements regarding Lewis dot symbols of ions are false with respect to outermost electrons? Match the words (true/false) in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. In magnesium sulfide, S^2− has eight electrons. -) True -) False

True

The noble gases are inert. This means they -) undergo many chemical reactions. -) exist as gases at room temperature. -) lose and gain electrons easily. -) undergo very few chemical reactions.

Undergo very few chemical reactions.

Names of simple positive ions (cations) are derived from those of their parent elements and simply add the word "ion". For example, when a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a sodium ion (Na^+). A magnesium atom (Mg), on losing two electrons, becomes a magnesium ion (Mg^2+). When a metal can form more than one ion, the charges on the different ions are denoted by Roman numerals in parentheses. For example, Fe^2+ is iron(II) ion and Fe^3+ is iron(III) ion. Using this information, write the symbol for the following ion: Vanadium(V) Enter the chemical symbol of the ion.

V^5+

An electron-dot symbol, or Lewis electron-dot structure, can be used to represent the number of valence electrons in the atom of an element. The symbol of an element is used to represent the core of the atom, and the valence electrons are denoted using dots arranged around the symbol. The maximum number of electron dots that an element can have is eight. The electrons are added one at a time moving around the core atom until each side of the atom has a single dot before the electrons are paired. The first four electrons are arranged singly. Pairing of electrons occurs from the fifth electron. For example, the electron-dot symbol for chlorine, Cl, which has seven valence electrons, can be represented as follows: . : Cl : .. A chlorine atom has seven electrons. Four electrons are arranged singly first around the element's symbol. The fifth, sixth, and seventh electrons pair up with first three electrons. The fourth electron is unpaired. Draw the electron-dot symbol for the element sulfur.

.. : S . .

An electron-dot symbol, or Lewis electron-dot structure, can be used to represent the number of valence electrons in the atom of an element. The symbol of an element is used to represent the core of the atom, and the valence electrons are denoted using dots arranged around the symbol. The maximum number of electron dots that an element can have is eight. The electrons are added one at a time moving around the core atom until each side of the atom has a single dot before the electrons are paired. The first four electrons are arranged singly. Pairing of electrons occurs from the fifth electron. For example, the electron-dot symbol for chlorine, Cl, which has seven valence electrons, can be represented as follows: . : Cl : .. A chlorine atom has seven electrons. Four electrons are arranged singly first around the element's symbol. The fifth, sixth, and seventh electrons pair up with first three electrons. The fourth electron is unpaired. Select the correct electron-dot symbols. You can refer to the periodic table if necessary. -) .. : Xe : .. -) .. . Se .. -) .. : Br . .. -) .. o .. -) . . Si . .

.. : Xe : .. .. : Br . .. . . Si . .

Draw Lewis structures that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. NH2Cl Draw the Lewis dot structure for NH2Cl.

.. :Cl: .. H . . H . .. . N . . H

Draw Lewis structure for aluminum nitride.

.. Al ::: N

Draw Lewis structure for lithium bromide.

.. Li : Br : ..

Draw Lewis structure for strontium sulfide.

.. Sr :: S ..

Draw Lewis structures that follow the octet rule for the following covalent molecules. SCl2 Draw the Lewis dot structure for SCl2.

.. .. .. : Cl : S : Cl : .. .. ..

Draw the electron dot formula for carbon monoxide, CO. Draw the Lewis dot structure for carbon monoxide. Include all lone pairs of electrons.

.. __ .. C — O —

Aluminum forms monatomic ions with a charge of -) 1+ . -) 3+ . -) 3- . -) 2+ .

3+

The chemical formula for silver sulfate is -) Ag(SO4)2. -) AgSO4. -) Ag3SO4. -) Ag2SO4.

Ag2SO4

With respect to chemical bonding, which particles play the least active role? -) valence electrons -) core electrons -) nucleons -) All play equal roles.

All play equal roles

Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shape of each of the following molecules: Which molecules are Trigonal Pyramidal? Ammonia (NH3), Silane (SiH4), Hydrogen Selenide (H2Se), and Carbon Tetraiodide (CI4).

Ammonia (NH3)

Hydrogen and carbon react to form -) CH4. -) CH. -) CH3. -) CH2.

CH4

What is the formula of copper(I) sulfide? Express your answer as a chemical formula.

Cu2S

Pair (match) the name and formula for the following binary ionic compound. The formula for copper(II) bromide is -) CuBr2 -) MnCl2 -) MgO -) ZnF2

CuBr2

Match the names and symbols for the ions below. The symbol for copper(I) ion is -) Cu^+ -) C^+ -) Na^2+ -) Na^+ -) Cu^2+ -) Fe^2+ -) Fe^+ -) I^- -) I^+

Cu^+

A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end is a -) linear molecule. -) dipole. -) binary molecule. -) nonpolar molecule.

Dipole

The name of the compound S2O3 is -) disulfur oxide. -) disulfur trioxide. -) sulfur trioxide -) sulfur oxide.

Disulfur trioxide

Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shape of each of the following molecules: Which molecules are Bent? Ammonia (NH3), Silane (SiH4), Hydrogen Selenide (H2Se), and Carbon Tetraiodide (CI4).

Hydrogen Selenide (H2Se)

Match the names and symbols for the ions below. The symbol for iodide ion is -) Cu^+ -) C^+ -) Na^2+ -) Na^+ -) Cu^2+ -) Fe^2+ -) Fe^+ -) I^- -) I^+

I^-

What is the formula of potassium sulfate? Express your answer as a chemical formula.

K2SO4

Supply a name to match the formula for Mn3(PO4)2 Spell out the full name of the compound.

Manganese(II) phosphate

The formula of magnesium nitride is -) MgN. -) Mg2N3. -) Mg3N2. -) Mg2N.

Mg3N2

Pair (match) the name and formula for the following binary ionic compound. The formula for magnesium oxide is -) CuBr2 -) MnCl2 -) MgO -) ZnF2

MgO

Pair (match) the name and formula for the following binary ionic compound. The formula for manganese(II) chloride is -) CuBr2 -) MnCl2 -) MgO -) ZnF2

MnCl2

One of two binary ionic compounds is often added to toothpaste. One of these compounds contains sodium and fluorine; the other contains tin(II) ions and fluorine. Write the formula for the compound that contains sodium and fluorine. Express your answer as a chemical formula.

NaF

Match the names and symbols for the ions below. The symbol for sodium ion is -) Cu^+ -) C^+ -) Na^2+ -) Na^+ -) Cu^2+ -) Fe^2+ -) Fe^+ -) I^- -) I^+

Na^+

Mg^2+ has the same electronic structure as -) Mg. -) C. -) Ne. -) Ar.

Ne

A sodium ion, Na^+, has the same electron configuration as a(n) -) neon atom. -) argon atom. -) sodium atom. -) chlorine atom.

Neon atom

The anion formed when nitrogen gains three electrons is called the -) nitro ion. -) nitrite ion. -) nitrogide ion. -) nitride ion.

Nitride Ion

Use the VSEPR theory to predict the shape of each of the following molecules: Which molecules are Trigonal Planar? Ammonia (NH3), Silane (SiH4), Hydrogen Selenide (H2Se), and Carbon Tetraiodide (CI4).

None of the molecules listed.

What is the formula of the compound with the name tetraphosphorus pentoxide? Express your answer as a chemical formula.

P4 O5

Names of simple positive ions (cations) are derived from those of their parent elements and simply add the word "ion". For example, when a sodium atom loses an electron, it becomes a sodium ion (Na^+). A magnesium atom (Mg), on losing two electrons, becomes a magnesium ion (Mg^2+). When a metal can form more than one ion, the charges on the different ions are denoted by Roman numerals in parentheses. For example, Fe^2+ is iron(II) ion and Fe^3+ is iron(III) ion. Using this information, write the symbol for the following ion: Palladium(II) Enter the chemical symbol of the ion.

Pd^2+

Write a formula for the name or a name for the formula for the following covalent compound: P Cl 5 Spell out the full name of the compound.

Phosphorus Pentachloride

Classify the following covalent bond as polar or nonpolar. Cl — B

Polar

Classify the following covalent bond as polar or nonpolar. H — O

Polar

Classify the following covalent bond as polar or nonpolar. N — F

Polar

What is the name of NaH2PO4? -) sodium hydrogen phosphate -) monosodium dihydrogen monophosphate -) sodium(II) dihydrogen monophosphate -) sodium dihydrogen phosphate

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

One of two binary ionic compounds is often added to toothpaste. One of these compounds contains sodium and fluorine; the other contains tin(II) ions and fluorine. Write the name for the compound that contains sodium and fluorine. Spell out the full name of the compound.

Sodium fluoride

When sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride, sodium and chlorine ________ are changed into sodium and chloride ________. (Fill in the blanks).

When sodium and chlorine react to form sodium chloride, sodium and chlorine molecules are changed into sodium and Chloride ions

Pair (match) the name and formula for the following binary ionic compound. The formula for zinc fluoride is -) CuBr2 -) MnCl2 -) MgO -) ZnF2

ZnF2