Chapter 4 age of exploration

Mercentalism Prosperity

According to the theory of _____ ( theory that trade generates wealth), which dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century, the _____ of a nation depends on a large supply of gold and silver.

Plants The Americas

15. The exchange of _____ and animals between Europe and _______ significantly changed economic activity in both regions. The import of horses by Europeans changed the lives of Native Americans living on the plains of N. America.

10

As many as __million enslaved Africans were brought to the Americas between the early 1500s and the late 1800s.

Markets

Colonies were important as sources of raw materials and as ________ for exports of manufactured goods.

Expansion Economy

European colonial ___ helped produce a great increase in european trade, and this growth was a key step in the development of the world ____

African

Europeans first bought enslaved people from _____ merchants in return for gold and other goods.

English French

In the seventeenth century, the ___ and the _____established trading posts and forts in India.

Mestizos Mulattoes

Many social groups, such as the _______ (people of mixed European and Native American Indian descent) and _______, emerged as a result of the intermarriage between Europeans and Native Americans or Africans.

Population

New food crops supported the growth of ______ and changed people's tastes. Potatoes from America spurred population growth in Europe because they yielded more food per acre than other crops.

1500s Sugarcane

Plantations that were established in the Americas in the _______ to grow _____needed many laborers.

Status

Social classes in colonial Latin America were based on ____

Gold Silver

The Portuguese and Spanish increased their wealth by removing natural resources like ____and ______ from Latin American land.

Dutch

The __ dominated the spice trade in the 17th century.

Quakers

Until the _____condemned it in the 1770s, slavery remained largely acceptable in Europe. The more European countries expanded in the Americas, the more they increased the slave trade in W. Africa. One effect of slave trade was a decreased population in parts of Africa.

Imports Greater

When the balance of trade between what a nation ______and what it exports is favorable, the goods exported are of _______value than those imported.

Peninsulares

__________, Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe, were the highest social class and maintained power in colonial Latin America because they were born in parent countries that founded their colonies.

Creoles Multiracial Creoles

______were Europeans born in Latin America and their descendants. Several ______ groups were beneath the _______and the peninsulares.