Chapter 4

Niles has begun to falla asleep suddenly during that day sometimes in inappropriate places. niles is most likely suffering from

Narcolepsy

the key to hypnosis seems to be

a heightened state of suggestiblity

alpha waves

a person who is more relaxed and gets drowsy shows these types of waves.

beta wave

a person who is wide awake and mentally active will show this brain-wave pattern

night terrors

a rare disorder that is more likely in children and also likely to disappear as they grow older. it is essentially a state of panic experienced while asleep

int the ___, dreams are less realistic because they come not from the outside world of reality but from within the people's memories and experiences

activation synthesis hypothesis

Rem is a relatively ________ type of sleep

active

adaptive theory vs. restorative theory

adaptive theory explains why people sleep when they do and restorative theory explains why people need to sleep

many researcher believe that

all mammals experience consciousness in the same way

Which of the following is not true about psychoactive drugs

all of them produce physical dependence in users

Hypnosis can

alter sensory perceptions

Many people who are sleep deprived

do not realize they are

Opium and its derivative, morphine and heroin, duplicate the action of which of the following?

endorphins

Hypnosis is unable to do which of the following

give people super human strength

_______ are the social rules people have learned that allow them to get along with otheres and function in society

inhibitions

suprachiasmatic nucleus SCN

is sensitive to changes in light. as the daylight fades, the scn tells the pineal gland to secrete melatonin.

melatonin supplements are often used to treat

jet leg

Debbie's psychoanalyst tells her that the monster in her dream symbolizes her dream symbolizes her abusive father. He is discussing the dream's

latent content

if your psychoanalyst tells you that your emergence from a bath tub in your dream is symbolic of being born, she is talking about your dream's

latent content

in studies in which voulunteers spend several days with out acess to information about day or night their sleep wake cycles

lengthened

as we age we seem to sleep

less

sleep deprivation

loss of sleep

the _____ of a dream is the actual dream itself p144

manifest content

Adolescents who regulary use marijuana

may negative impact on their mental health

suppres the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous systems natural receptor sites for endorphins

narcotics

biological rhythms

natural cycles of activity that the body must go through

which of the following is the most addictive drug?

nictotine

the body is at its lowest level of functioning during

non rem stage 4

a hypnic jerk is likely to occur during

non rem stage1

the heart slows breathing becomes more shallow and irregular and an EEG would show the first signs of sleep spindles in

non-REM Stage 2 sleep

Delta waves begin to appear in which stage of sleep?

non-REM Stage 3

Derek was lying on the couch and had fallen asleep when all of a sudden his body jerked and he woke up because he felt like he was falling. Derek was most likely in which stage of sleep?

non-REM stage1

sleep walking or somnambulism

occurs in about 20% of the population and is at least partially due to heredity. includes sitting up in bed, walking around the house, and even eating

altered state of consciousness

occurs when there is a shift in the quality or pattern of your mental activity

THE SOCIAL-COGNITIVE THEORY OF HYPNOSIS ASSUMES THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE HYPNOTIZED ARE

only playing a role

as recently as the mid twentieth century ___ was used as a paregoric for teething babies

opium

depending on dosage _ can be a hallucinogen, stimulant depressant or analgesic

pcp

sleep apnea

person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more while asleep. 5 to 25 percent of adults in the united states suffer from sleep apnea.

magic mushrooms contain

psilocybin

Even mild doses, marijuana negatively affect

reaction time

the hidden observer

remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis

Alcoholism can cause Korsakoff's syndrome, which is brought about by

servere vitamin B1 deficiency

paul is a snorer who sometimes gasps for air while sleeping. Paul mostly likely suffers from

sleep apnea

according to recent research ______ is necessary fir the formation of memory

sleep in general

A person with sleep apnea...

stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more and it can lead to heart diseases

the ___ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up when to fall asleep

suprachiasmatic nucleus

on theory of dreams say that the brain _________ or puts together an explanation of the cortex's activation from memories and other stored information

synthesizes

when hypnotizing a subject a hypnotist will always

tell the subjct to focus on what is being said

an example of a biological rhytm is

the beat of the heart

N3 (r&k stages 3 and 4): Delta waves roll in

the deepest sleep stage, referred to as slow wave sleep (SWS)

insomnia

the inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep.

Barbiturates are known as

the major tranquilizers

Barbiturates are knownas

the major tranquilizers

circadian rhythm

the sleep wake cycle

waking consciousness

their thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and they feel alert.

Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients

unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood.

on sara's walk to campus one morning, she was thinking about what a nice day it was how many people were already on campus and how she had to stop by the book store on her way to class. Sara was experiencing

waking cosciousness

theta waves

when a person is asleep, alpha waves get replaced by slower and larger waves.

hypnic sleep

when your body jerks while you're asleep

morphine is

...

about ___ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects

40

A perons has entered stage 4 sleep when delta wave account for more that ___ percent of the brain wave pattern

50

___ percent of dreams take place in REM sleep

90

Calvin Hall concluded that? pg 145

Dreams reflect what occur in everyday life

alcohol stimulates the release of _ the brain's major depressant

GABA

_______ causes dehydration and a rise in body temperature

MDMA

_________ has beeen used as a successful defense in some murder trials.

REM behavior disorder

Which part of the body controls the sleep wake cycle?

Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus

mariam take 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. a fully meditative state is a form of

altered consciousness

Daydreaming and being hypnotized are both examples of

altered state of consciousness

many researcher believe that

animals experience consciousnes in the sames way as people

the minor tranquilers

are commonly used to treat anxiety

N1 (R&K Stage 1): light sleep

as theta wave activity increases and alpha wave activity fades away, people are said to be entering this sleep cycle.

natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called

biological rhythms

which of the following does the text list as a warning sign of alcoholism

blackouts or memory loss

N2 (r&k stage 2): sleep spindles

brief burst of activity lasting only a second or two

microsleeps

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only seconds

One of the most widely used stimulants is

caffeine

differences across cultures

can be seen in people's dreams

A sudden loss of muscle tone is called

cataplexy

Nightmares are more commom in children that in adults because ___.

children spend more of their sleep in the REM states

_____ works to change the way people think about the stresses in their lives and react to those stressors, working toward more effective coping with out using drugs such as herion

cognitive behavioral intervention

signs of physical dependence on cocaine include

disregard for the conquence of use

Driving and talking on the cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of

divided consciousness

Theodora suffers from an inablitly to get to sleep, and then to stay asleep. Which of the following would help theodora with her insomnia?

going to bed and getting up on a regular schedule

______ cause the brain to alter its interpretation od sensations

hallucinogens

in hilgard's theory, the ___ remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis

hidden observer

Which of the following kills the most people in the US every year? pg153

illnesses related to smoking

stimulants cause your brain to be in a state of

increased alertness

______ is a hallucinogen used in many Native american religious and spiritual rituals.

mescaline

_____ is used to control herion dependency.pg 157

methadone

predators such as lions sleep _____ their prey , the gazelle

more hours per day than

david often experiences sleep seizures during the day......

narcolepsy

the adaptive theory of sleep

sleep is a product of evolution. it proposes that animals and humans evolved different sleep patterns to avoid being present during their predator's normal hunting times, which would typically be at night.

nightmares (bad dreams)

some children tend to have more nightmares than adults because they spend more of their sleep in the REM state

REM behavior disorder

some people have a rare disorder in which the brain mechanisms that normally inhibit the voluntary muscles fail, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares

the restorative theory of sleep

states that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body. during sleep, chemicals that were used up during the day's activities are replenished and cellular damage is repaired

Ecstacy is classified as a

stimulatory hallucinogenic

physical sensations such as nausea or extreme pain that occur when the body is trying to adjust to the absence of a drug are called

withdrawal

consciousness

your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment, which you use to organize your behavior, including your thoughts, sensations, and feelings.