Chapter 4
Niles has begun to falla asleep suddenly during that day sometimes in inappropriate places. niles is most likely suffering from
Narcolepsy
the key to hypnosis seems to be
a heightened state of suggestiblity
alpha waves
a person who is more relaxed and gets drowsy shows these types of waves.
beta wave
a person who is wide awake and mentally active will show this brain-wave pattern
night terrors
a rare disorder that is more likely in children and also likely to disappear as they grow older. it is essentially a state of panic experienced while asleep
int the ___, dreams are less realistic because they come not from the outside world of reality but from within the people's memories and experiences
activation synthesis hypothesis
Rem is a relatively ________ type of sleep
active
adaptive theory vs. restorative theory
adaptive theory explains why people sleep when they do and restorative theory explains why people need to sleep
many researcher believe that
all mammals experience consciousness in the same way
Which of the following is not true about psychoactive drugs
all of them produce physical dependence in users
Hypnosis can
alter sensory perceptions
Many people who are sleep deprived
do not realize they are
Opium and its derivative, morphine and heroin, duplicate the action of which of the following?
endorphins
Hypnosis is unable to do which of the following
give people super human strength
_______ are the social rules people have learned that allow them to get along with otheres and function in society
inhibitions
suprachiasmatic nucleus SCN
is sensitive to changes in light. as the daylight fades, the scn tells the pineal gland to secrete melatonin.
melatonin supplements are often used to treat
jet leg
Debbie's psychoanalyst tells her that the monster in her dream symbolizes her dream symbolizes her abusive father. He is discussing the dream's
latent content
if your psychoanalyst tells you that your emergence from a bath tub in your dream is symbolic of being born, she is talking about your dream's
latent content
in studies in which voulunteers spend several days with out acess to information about day or night their sleep wake cycles
lengthened
as we age we seem to sleep
less
sleep deprivation
loss of sleep
the _____ of a dream is the actual dream itself p144
manifest content
Adolescents who regulary use marijuana
may negative impact on their mental health
suppres the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous systems natural receptor sites for endorphins
narcotics
biological rhythms
natural cycles of activity that the body must go through
which of the following is the most addictive drug?
nictotine
the body is at its lowest level of functioning during
non rem stage 4
a hypnic jerk is likely to occur during
non rem stage1
the heart slows breathing becomes more shallow and irregular and an EEG would show the first signs of sleep spindles in
non-REM Stage 2 sleep
Delta waves begin to appear in which stage of sleep?
non-REM Stage 3
Derek was lying on the couch and had fallen asleep when all of a sudden his body jerked and he woke up because he felt like he was falling. Derek was most likely in which stage of sleep?
non-REM stage1
sleep walking or somnambulism
occurs in about 20% of the population and is at least partially due to heredity. includes sitting up in bed, walking around the house, and even eating
altered state of consciousness
occurs when there is a shift in the quality or pattern of your mental activity
THE SOCIAL-COGNITIVE THEORY OF HYPNOSIS ASSUMES THAT PEOPLE WHO ARE HYPNOTIZED ARE
only playing a role
as recently as the mid twentieth century ___ was used as a paregoric for teething babies
opium
depending on dosage _ can be a hallucinogen, stimulant depressant or analgesic
pcp
sleep apnea
person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more while asleep. 5 to 25 percent of adults in the united states suffer from sleep apnea.
magic mushrooms contain
psilocybin
Even mild doses, marijuana negatively affect
reaction time
the hidden observer
remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis
Alcoholism can cause Korsakoff's syndrome, which is brought about by
servere vitamin B1 deficiency
paul is a snorer who sometimes gasps for air while sleeping. Paul mostly likely suffers from
sleep apnea
according to recent research ______ is necessary fir the formation of memory
sleep in general
A person with sleep apnea...
stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more and it can lead to heart diseases
the ___ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up when to fall asleep
suprachiasmatic nucleus
on theory of dreams say that the brain _________ or puts together an explanation of the cortex's activation from memories and other stored information
synthesizes
when hypnotizing a subject a hypnotist will always
tell the subjct to focus on what is being said
an example of a biological rhytm is
the beat of the heart
N3 (r&k stages 3 and 4): Delta waves roll in
the deepest sleep stage, referred to as slow wave sleep (SWS)
insomnia
the inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep.
Barbiturates are known as
the major tranquilizers
Barbiturates are knownas
the major tranquilizers
circadian rhythm
the sleep wake cycle
waking consciousness
their thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and they feel alert.
Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients
unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood.
on sara's walk to campus one morning, she was thinking about what a nice day it was how many people were already on campus and how she had to stop by the book store on her way to class. Sara was experiencing
waking cosciousness
theta waves
when a person is asleep, alpha waves get replaced by slower and larger waves.
hypnic sleep
when your body jerks while you're asleep
morphine is
...
about ___ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects
40
A perons has entered stage 4 sleep when delta wave account for more that ___ percent of the brain wave pattern
50
___ percent of dreams take place in REM sleep
90
Calvin Hall concluded that? pg 145
Dreams reflect what occur in everyday life
alcohol stimulates the release of _ the brain's major depressant
GABA
_______ causes dehydration and a rise in body temperature
MDMA
_________ has beeen used as a successful defense in some murder trials.
REM behavior disorder
Which part of the body controls the sleep wake cycle?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
mariam take 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. a fully meditative state is a form of
altered consciousness
Daydreaming and being hypnotized are both examples of
altered state of consciousness
many researcher believe that
animals experience consciousnes in the sames way as people
the minor tranquilers
are commonly used to treat anxiety
N1 (R&K Stage 1): light sleep
as theta wave activity increases and alpha wave activity fades away, people are said to be entering this sleep cycle.
natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called
biological rhythms
which of the following does the text list as a warning sign of alcoholism
blackouts or memory loss
N2 (r&k stage 2): sleep spindles
brief burst of activity lasting only a second or two
microsleeps
brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only seconds
One of the most widely used stimulants is
caffeine
differences across cultures
can be seen in people's dreams
A sudden loss of muscle tone is called
cataplexy
Nightmares are more commom in children that in adults because ___.
children spend more of their sleep in the REM states
_____ works to change the way people think about the stresses in their lives and react to those stressors, working toward more effective coping with out using drugs such as herion
cognitive behavioral intervention
signs of physical dependence on cocaine include
disregard for the conquence of use
Driving and talking on the cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of
divided consciousness
Theodora suffers from an inablitly to get to sleep, and then to stay asleep. Which of the following would help theodora with her insomnia?
going to bed and getting up on a regular schedule
______ cause the brain to alter its interpretation od sensations
hallucinogens
in hilgard's theory, the ___ remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis
hidden observer
Which of the following kills the most people in the US every year? pg153
illnesses related to smoking
stimulants cause your brain to be in a state of
increased alertness
______ is a hallucinogen used in many Native american religious and spiritual rituals.
mescaline
_____ is used to control herion dependency.pg 157
methadone
predators such as lions sleep _____ their prey , the gazelle
more hours per day than
david often experiences sleep seizures during the day......
narcolepsy
the adaptive theory of sleep
sleep is a product of evolution. it proposes that animals and humans evolved different sleep patterns to avoid being present during their predator's normal hunting times, which would typically be at night.
nightmares (bad dreams)
some children tend to have more nightmares than adults because they spend more of their sleep in the REM state
REM behavior disorder
some people have a rare disorder in which the brain mechanisms that normally inhibit the voluntary muscles fail, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares
the restorative theory of sleep
states that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body. during sleep, chemicals that were used up during the day's activities are replenished and cellular damage is repaired
Ecstacy is classified as a
stimulatory hallucinogenic
physical sensations such as nausea or extreme pain that occur when the body is trying to adjust to the absence of a drug are called
withdrawal
consciousness
your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment, which you use to organize your behavior, including your thoughts, sensations, and feelings.