Chapter 5 Quiz

Classes of Contraceptives

1. The behavioral methods of contraception are free or very low cost since there is no medicine or device involved. They require discipline and education about the timing of intercourse to be effective. The condom, a barrier method, has a low cost, but has to be put on and taken off by the man appropriately to prevent unintended pregnancy caused by sperm leaking out. Women can use barrier methods that are inserted into their bodies through the vagina and cover the opening to the uterus, such as the cervical cap. It prevents the sperm from traveling into the uterus and further on to the fallopian tubes. The birth control pill is the most commonly used kind of hormonal birth control in the United States and prevents ovulation, but must be taken every day. Some IUDs are examples of the barrier method because they do not contain hormones. They have to be placed in the uterus by a physician and work by affecting the movement of sperm and egg and/or irritating the lining of the uterus so that a fertilized egg can't develop there. The vaginal ring, which some prefer so that they do not have to take a pill every day, is an example of the hormonal method. It releases estrogen and progestin continuously to prevent ovulation. The surgical method is used most often by married women over 30 who know they don't want any more children. This is a permanent form of birth control

Advantages and Disadvantages of Contraceptive Methods

100% Effective, Surgery Required, No STI Protection tubal ligation vasectomy hysterectomy Effective, Uses Hormones, No STI Protection monthly injections birth control pills Mirena Effective If Used Correctly, STI Protection male condom female condom 100% Effective STI Prevention intimacy without intercourse Other, No STI Protection withdrawal

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a diaphragm? If used consistently and correctly, diaphragms can be 94 percent effective in preventing pregnancy. When used with spermicidal jelly or cream, it also offers protection against gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HPV. Although the diaphragm can be left in place for multiple acts of intercourse, additional spermicide must be applied each time. It can be inserted up to 6 hours in advance and used for multiple acts of intercourse.

Although the diaphragm can be left in place for multiple acts of intercourse, additional spermicide must be applied each time.

When planning a pregnancy, what measures should be taken to ensure the health of the child?

Both the prospective mother and father should avoid toxic chemicals and should not smoke.

The process of pregnancy, from ovulation to implantation, is a multistep process that happens over the course of 11 to 12 days. The steps in the process include in no particular order: A. One sperm penetrates the ovum, thereby fertilizing the ovum. B. The sperm's nucleus fuses with the egg's nucleus, producing a zygote. C. A mature ovum is released from the ovary and begins moving down the fallopian tube. D. The blastocyst implants itself in the endometrium. E. The zygote rapidly divides as it travels down the fallopian tube. F. The blastocyst attaches itself to the uterine lining. Which of the following lists these six steps (A-F) in the correct order?

C, A, B, E, F, D

Which of the following are true statements about emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) and how they work?

ECPs prevent pregnancy by delaying or inhibiting ovulation, by inhibiting fertilization, or by blocking the implantation of a fertilized egg. Taking an ECP will not harm an existing pregnancy. When taken within 24 hours of unprotected intercourse, ECPs reduce the risk of pregnancy by up to 95%.

Which of the following are correct statements about the advantages or disadvantages of the IUD in preventing pregnancy and the transmission of STIs?

For some women, the IUD can cause heavy menstrual flow for the first few months. The ParaGard IUD works immediately and can be left in place for 10 years.

When a woman takes a pregnancy test, which hormone is looked for in the woman's urine?

HCG

Which of the following is one of the advantages of the male condom?

It can prevent the spread of HIV if it is made out of latex.

Which of the following is a form of contraception in which a square transdermal patch is placed on the skin, delivering estrogen and progestin through the skin into the bloodstream?

Ortho Evra

Which of the following is a true statement about one of these barrier methods?

Spermicides are most effective when used with another barrier method (e.g., a condom or a diaphragm).

Which of the following statements about having a vasectomy is FALSE? Surgery is expensive, and male sterilization offers no protection against STI transmission. Couples must use alternative methods of birth control for at least one month after the surgery. There are slight risks, such as the formation of a blood clot in the scrotum, infection, and inflammatory reactions. The surgery can significantly affect a man's sexual response.

The surgery can significantly affect a man's sexual response

Which of the following are advantages of oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy and the transmission of STIs?

They can be more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy with perfect use. They may lessen menstrual cramps and premenstrual syndrome.

Which of the following are disadvantages of these hormonal methods of contraception?

Using a contraceptive injection requires an initial medical exam and further appointments every three months for subsequent injections. None of these methods offers protection against STIs or HIV. The effects of contraceptive injections cannot be stopped immediately if problems arise. The patch is associated with an increased risk of blood clots among regular users.

Which of the following statements is not true about a vasectomy? Vasectomies can be done on an outpatient basis. Vasectomies offer no protection against the transmission of STIs. Vasectomies have no effect on sexual performance. After 1 year, the pregnancy rate in women whose partners have had vasectomies is 0.15%. Vasectomies are immediately effective.

Vasectomies are immediately effective.

Which of the following statements about emergency contraceptive pills is FALSE? They contain the same hormones found in regular birth control pills. They block implantation of the fertilized egg. When taken within 24 hours, they will reduce the risk of pregnancy by 50 percent. They prevent pregnancy by delaying or inhibiting ovulation

When taken within 24 hours, they will reduce the risk of pregnancy by 50 percent.

In which of the following behavioral contraceptive methods do the participants deliberately avoid having intercourse?

abstinence

Which of the following is a prenatal test frequently recommended for women over 35, which involves removing fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus?

amniocentesis

Which birth control method is used when one or both partners uses a condom?

barrier method

In which birth control category is the fertility awareness method?

behavioral method

Which of the following methods involves recording the menstrual cycle for 12 months and assuming that ovulation occurs during the midpoint of the cycle each time?

calendar method

Which of the following is not a stage in the birth process? delivery of the placenta transition expulsion eclampsia dilation of the cervix

eclampsia

All of the following are early signs of pregnancy EXCEPT __________. missed menstrual period extreme weight gain breast tenderness nausea and vomiting

extreme weight gain

To prevent the birth defect spina bifida, it is particularly important for the diet of pregnant women to include which of the following?

folic acid (found in dark leafy greens)

Which of the following are factors that you should consider when choosing a method of birth control?

health risks comfort level cost future plans to have biological children convenience

Which of the following is NOT a cause of infertility?

higher-than-normal sperm count

Which type of abortion is no longer legal in the United States? medical abortion induction abortion intact dilation and extraction (D&X) dilation and evacuation

intact dilation and extraction (D&X)

Which of the following contraceptives is effective immediately, only needs to be replaced every 3 to 10 years, and contains no hormones?

intrauterine device (IUD)

Which of the following is a birth control method that protects against STIs and HIV?

latex and polyurethane condoms (male and female)

Which of the following describes a serious infection that results in scarring of the fallopian tubes, sometimes causing infertility?

pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following are conditions that could lead to infertility?

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) endometriosis

The network of blood vessels that carries nutrients and oxygen to the fetus is the __________.

placenta

Which of the following is the most commonly used method of surgical abortion during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy?

suction curettage

Which of the following is the surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are sealed to block the sperm from accessing released eggs?

tubal ligation

t is very important to understand the concept of failure rates of contraceptive methods because __________.

typical use failure rates are more realistic since they take into account lapses in technique or memory

Use of a latex condom consistently and correctly can be how effective in preventing pregnancy?

up to 98 percent

Which of the following products is safe to use as a condom lubricant?

water-based lubricants

Which of the following are issues to consider when planning a pregnancy?

whether the woman's health insurance provides pregnancy and delivery benefits whether the woman smokes the age of the woman whether the woman has had rubella the exposure of the man to chemicals