Chapter 5

Tools and weapons social unit

Hunting gathering

Social inequality highest

Agrarian

Used technologies of large scale farming

Agrarian

True

Although all jobs play some burden on our feelings, emotional labor occurs only in jobs that require personal contact with the public or the production of a state of mind (such as hoped, desire, or fear) in others

True

And hunting and gathering societies, the basic social unit is the kinship group or family

She's Mexican American

Ascribed, involuntary

Status is at birth

Ascribed, voluntary

True

Conflict theorists maintained that and capitalistic society's, or few people control the labor of mini, the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination among categories of people (for example, owner-worker and employer-employee)

Go through motions

Distancing

Organic solidarity

Emile Durkheim's term for the social cohesion found in industrial (and perhaps postindustrial) societies, in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

Mechanical solidarity

Emile Durkheim's term for the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

False

Emile durkheim argues that "homelessness is a social class phenomenon, the direct result of a steady, across-the-board lowering of the standard of living of the working class and lower class"

True

Facial expressions, especially smiles, reflect gender-based patterns of dominance insubordination and society

True

Family, economy, education, religion, and mass media are all examples of social institutions

True

Homeless people have lost a vital link with societal structures. Social structures are essential for the survival of society and for the well-being of individuals because they provide a social web of familial support and social relationships that connects each of us of the larger society

Division of labor increases as food supply grows

Horticulture

False

Horticulture and pastoral societies are more Egalitarian then hunting and gathering societies

True

In argrarian societies, politics is based on a feudal system control by political economic a white made up of the ruler, his royal family, and members of the land owning classes

True

In gemeinschaft Societies such as the United States, a prevailing core value is that people should be able to take care of themselves

Societies based on technology

Industrial

Most important occupied

Master

True

President Barack Obama occupied various statuses, including statuses as an African-American, husband, and a father. However, Obama status as the president of United States functions as a master status

Family close friends and school

Primary

Small group

Primary

Two or more statuses

Role conflict

Occur when people disengage

Role exit, divorce

True

Role strain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies

Large more specialized

Secondary

True

Set of symbols are material signs that inform others of a person specific status

Group consist of two or more

Social

Organized beliefs

Social institution

False

Social institutions are transformed by industrialism. The family increases and significance as the economy, education, and political institutions grow in size and complexity

True

Social structure is essential for survival of society and for the well-being of individuals because it provides a social web of familial support and social relationships that connects each of us to the larger society

False

Sociologist emile durkheim stated that as societies become industrialize and developed more special as economic activities, social solidarity came to be rooted in the members share dependence on one another

Joe is a student

Status set

Wedding ring

Status symbol

A physician

Strain

Two or more built in

Strain

Methods and tools available

Technology

False

The term "status" refers to high level positions in society

Family

Traditional

False

Women are less likely to maintain prolong I contact during conversations, but are more likely to stare at other people (especially man) in order to challenge them and assert their own status

Males

Work

Role strain

a condition that occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies.

Social group

a group that consists of two or more people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence.

Role Expectation

a group's or society's definition of the way that a specific role ought to be played

Secondary group

a larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more- impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited period of time.

Social institutions

a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs. Family Religion Education

Role conflict

a situation in which incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time.

Role exit

a situation in which people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity.

Primary group

a small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended period of time.

Ascribed status

a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little or no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, and gender.

Achieved status

a social position that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort.

Status

a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties.

Status set

all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time.

Social solidarity

derives from a society's social structure, which, in turn, is based on the society's di- vision of labor

Stigma

is any physical or social attribute or sign that so de- values a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance

Status symbol

material sign that informs others of a person's specific status

Role distancing

occurs when people consciously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance

Role ambiguity

occurs when the expectations associ- ated with a role are unclear. For example, it is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent- child relationship ends.

Role

set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.

Emile Durkheim

social solidarity derives from a society's social structure, which, in turn, is based on the society's di- vision of labor

Industrial societies

societies based on technology that mechanizes production.

Horticulture society's

societies based on technology that supports the cultivation of plants to provide food.

pastoral societies

societies based on technology that supports the domestication of large animals to provide food.

Postindustrial society's

societies in which technology supports a service- and information-based economy.

Hunting and gathering societies

societies that use simple technology for hunting animals and gathering vegetation.

Agrarian/agricultural societies

societies that use the technology of large-scale farming, including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment, to produce their food supply.

Social structure

the complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy, politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior.

Personal space

the immediate area surrounding a person that the person claims as private.

Technology

the key to many occupations and professions.

master status

the most important status that a person occupies.

Social interaction

the process by which people act toward or respond to other people: the foundation for all relationships and groups in society.

Deference

the symbolic means by which subordinates give a required permissive response to those in power; it confirms the existence of inequality and reaffirms each person's relationship to the other.

Nonverbal communication

the transfer of information between persons without the use of words.