chapter 6
individuals are selected at random for a study from a list of members of girl Scout troops to represent the population of girls aged 8-13. what type of sampling is being used
cluster sampling
which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population such that individuals are chosen from a pre-exsisting group
cluster sampling
a sample chosen such that the probability of an individual being chosen cannot be determined
convenience sampling
convenience samples make it difficult to generalize the results of the study to the population, lowering its
external validity
all sampling error can be removed from a study if the appropriate sampling technique is used
false
internet samples are typically less representative of the population of interest than samples that are collected face to face
false
it is usually possible to test the entire population in a research study
false
volunteer samples are uncommon in psychological research
false
the most common type of convenience sample used by the psychologist is the ___ sample
haphazard sample
which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population such that individuals from the population who volunteer are selected
haphazard sample
which one is not a probability sample
haphazard sample
individuals are selected from a participant pool made up of students at a university who volunteer for the study. what type of sampling is being used?
haphazard/volunteer samples
which of the following sampling techniques is likely to create the smallest amount of sampling error
simple random sample
individuals are selected at random from a list of phone numbers to be called for a survey. what type of sampling is being used?
simple random samples
which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population at random where each individual has an equal chance at being selected
simple random sampling
a disadvantage of cluster sampling is that a portion of the population may be missed in the sample, giving the researcher a sample that is not fully representative of the population
true
all studies, regardless of sampling technique, are subject to sampling error
true
external validity of a study should be considered when conclusions are drawn fromn results collected with a convenience sample
true
in convenience samples the probability of an individual being chosen from the population cannot be determined, because individuals are not chosen randomly
true
many researchers have argued that results from psychological studies using volunteer college students for samples are not informative about the behavior in the general population
true
quota samples are similar to stratified random samples without the random selection from subsets of the population
true
which of the following sampling techniques is likely to create the largest amount of sampling error
volunteer sampling
which sampling technique was used for this study?
volunteer sampling
Inna simple random sample, if a population had 100 individuals, the chance of any one individual being selected for the sample is
1 in 100
which of the following describes a quota sample
60% of the population is left-handed so 60% of the participants chosen are also left-handed
what is the most likely population for this study?
all adults over age 60
convenience samples are called:
purposive samples
sampling error will ___ whenever observations differ greatly from participant to participant in a sample
increase
convenience samples will likely increase the amount of sampling error in the study, lowering it's ___ validity by making a test of the hypothesis less accurate
internal
convenience samples likely increase the amount of sampling error in the study, lowering its
internal validity
simple random samples can be difficult to obtain for ___ populations
large
the ___ is the group of individuals a researcher wants to learn about in a study, whereas the ___ is the group of individuals tested in a study
population, sample
it is important to use a ___ sample when sampling error is likely to be large
probability sample
___ require access in some way to the entire population to select individuals according to a predetermined probability value
probability samples
a sample chosen such that individuals are chosen with a specific probability is called
probability sampling
unlike a stratified random sample, the ___ sample will make use of convenience sample techniques such as recruiting participant sign up pool or asking students sitting in the library to fill out a survey
quota sampling
volunteers are selected from students such that the proportion of the students in each age range in the sample matches the proportion in the population. what type of sampling is being used?
quota sampling
probability samples can ___ the amount of sampling error that exists in a study
reduce
the percentage of people out of the total number available who respond to a survey is called the:
response rate
the difference in scores that occurs when we test a sample drawn out of the population is:
sampling error
which of the following sampling techniques involves choosing individuals from the population at random where the proportions of members of different groups are the same in population and the sample
stratified random sample
students are selected at random from a list of students at a university organized by class level such that the proportion of individuals at each class level in the population of students matches the proportion selected for the sample. what type of sample is being used
stratified random samples
which of the following describes a cluster sample
subjects are selected from a local preschool class to represent preschoolers who live in the area
the ___ population is the population to which the researcher wishes to generalize the results of the study
target
___ participants may be more likely to respond to e-mail contacts, whereas ___ participants may be more likely to respond to phone contacts
younger, older