Chapter 6 Cartilage and Bone Connect Questions Review

Summarize interstitial growth of cartilage

1. Chondrocyte in lacuna undergoes mitosis 2. Two cells occupy one lacuna 3. Two cells in one lacuna begin to produce new matrix

Summarize appositional growth of cartilage

1. Stem cells in the perichondrium undergo mitosis 2. Committed cells become chondroblasts 3. New matrix is produced at the periphery of the cartilage

Epiphyseal plate zones in order, starting with zone closest to the epiphysis

1.Resting cartilage 2.proliferating cartilage 3.hypertrophic cartilage 4.calcified cartilage 5.ossification

A joint in the body is also called a __________.

Articulations

Depressed facture

Broken part of bone forms a concavity

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the _________.

Central canal

The cells that produce the matrix of cartilage are called

Chondroblasts

The external surface of short bones consists of _____ bone while the interior consists of _____ bone.

Compact; spongy

In a ______ fracture, one or both ends of a broken bone pierce the overlying skin.

Compound

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______

Diaphysis

In osteolysis, the liberated calcium

Enters the blood

A thin line of compact bone in the epiphysis of a mature bone is called the _______.

Epiphyseal line

The secondary ossification centers form in the _____ of long bones.

Epiphyses

Epiphyseal fracture

Epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis at the epiphyseal plate

Bone that is produced through intramembranous ossification

Flat bones of the skull, maxilla, and mandible

A blood clot within a bone fracture is called a fracture _______.

Fracture Hematoma

Displaced fracture

Fractured bone parts are out of anatomic alignment

Breaks in bones are called ________.

Fractures

Bones provide structural support for the body by serving as a ____________ for the entire body.

Framework

In bone fracture repair, a fibrocartilaginous callus is replaced with a _______ callus.

Hard

The process of blood cell production is called

Hemopoiesis

Which characterizes the process of bone resorption?

Hydrochloric acid dissolves minerals of bone, Lysosomes dissolve the organic parts of bone matrix

Growth from within cartilage is called _________

Interstitial Growth

Which statement characterizes articular cartilage?

It covers an epiphysis, it is composed of byline cartilage, it functions to reduce friction in joints

Which statement characterize periosteum?

It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, it covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone, it functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones, it helps heal bone fractures

The femur bone is classified as a ______ bone.

Long bone

What bone is formed through endochondral ossification?

Lower limb bones, upper limb bones, and vertebrae

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the _____.

Medullary cavity

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the _______.

Metaphysis

In interstitial growth of cartilage

New cells and new matrix are produced

Impacted fracture

One fragment of bone is firmly driven into the other

What tissue types are found in bones?

Osseous connective tissue, blood, nervous tissue

The formation and development of bone is

Ossification

Bone resorption is a function of _________

Osteoclasts

________ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

Osteoclasts

Mature bone cells are called

Osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called _______.

Osteocytes

The release of stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called _______.

Osteolysis

Tough sheath that covers the outer surface of the bone ______

Periosteum

Osteoprogenitor cells are located in

Periosteum and endosteum

The region in the diaphysis of a long bone where bone replaces cartilage through endochondral ossification is called the ________ ossification center; it is the first major center of bone formation.

Primary

Osteoprogenitor cells

Produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast, are stem cells

Osteoblasts function to

Produce osteoid

Which of the following is a function of bone?

Protection of organs

Which statement characterize the function of cartilage?

Provides a model for the formation of bones and a gliding surface at joints, it supports soft tissue

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the _______ epiphysis.

Proximal

Which tissue is responsible for the production of blood cells?

Red bone marrow

Which are examples of flat bones?

Roof of skull, the scapulae (shoulder blades), the sternum (breastbone), and the ribs

Based on shape, bones have a length about equal to their width are classifies as_______ bones.

Short bones

Groups of bones serve as attachment sites for

Skeletal muscle

In adults, red bone marrow is located in

Skull bones, the ribs, vertebrae, the sternum

Which is an example of an irregular bone?

The vertebrae, ossa coxae (hip bones), and several bones of skull (ex:ethmoid and sphenoid)

Which statement characterize osteocytes?

They maintain bone matrix, they reside in lacunae, they detect mechanical stress on bone

Which statement characterize osteoclasts?

They reabsorb bone matrix, they are phagocytic, they secrete hydrochloric acid, they have ruffled borders

Long bones include

Upper limb (the arm, forearm, palm, and fingers) Lower limb (thigh, leg, sole of the foot, and toes)

In appositional growth, cartilage grows

When stem cells at the perichondrium divide

At least 90% of the body's reserves of ____ and ______ are stored and released by bone.

mineral calcium: phosphate