Chapter 6 psychology

(Alzheimer/Parkinson) disease is a progressive, irreversible brain disorder that is characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical functioning.

Alzheimer

Which of the following are recommended for organizing for memory processes?

Experiment with different organizational techniques. Organize the material in a way that will allow you to memorize. Review notes that you are preparing to memorize.

Which of the following statements are true regarding explicit memory? (More than one option may be correct.)

It is the conscious recollection of specific facts and events that can be verbally communicated. It is sometimes referred to as declarative memory.

Which of the following are functions of autobiographical memory?

It provides us with identity. Sharing personal experience creates social bonds. It allows us to learn from our experiences.

BLANK is the memory process by which information retained in memory is brought out of storage—that is, when we recall or remember something.

Retrieval

BLANK memory is a type of explicit memory that includes your areas of expertise, general academic knowledge, and everyday knowledge about the meanings of words and common things.

Semantic

Which of the following roles do the preexisting mental frameworks called schemas have concerning the information we get from the environment

They affect how we retrieve the information. They affect how we encode the information. They affect how we make inferences about the information.

_____ is the theory that memory is stored throughout the brain in connections among neurons.

connectionism

BLANK theory states that the passage of time always increases forgetting.

decay

Concentrating on more than one activity at a time is called

divided attention

When BLANK is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.

elaboration

According to connectionism, memories are best characterized as

electrical impulses.

Ari is watching a movie. Which initial memory process is Ari using?

encoding

BLANK failure occurs when the information has never entered long-term memory.

encoding

The process by which information gets into memory storage is BLANK

encoding

Autobiographical memory is a special form of _____ memory.

episodic

Hazel vividly remembers her first week in college. This is an example of _____ memory.

episodic

In the context of the subtypes of explicit memory, BLANK memory is the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings.

episodic

Which of the following are subtypes of explicit memory?

episodic memory semantic memory

The two main components of long-term memory are _____ memory, which consists of our semantic and episodic memories, and _____ memory, which consists of our procedural memories, classical conditioning, and priming.

explicit; implicit

in the context of human memory, Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on BLANK .

forgetting

Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on

forgetting.

Implicit memory has to do with remembering

how

When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Don vividly remembers the theory today. This is an example of the effect of

imagery

BLANK memory is when behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of the experience.

implicit

The term _____ refers to a continuum from shallow to intermediate to deep, with deeper producing better memory.

levels of processing

BLANK is defined as the retention of information or experience over time.

memory

Dr. Quincy loves to have students in her Abnormal Psychology class work with case studies and reflect upon diagnostic questions, instead of reading and studying material. This is because Dr. Quincy is familiar with the research on memory and understands that

memory of material is better when we think deeply and connect new information with information we already have.

Before using memory processes, you must first BLANK , Incorrect Unavailable the information you are about to study.

organize

Long-term memory is a _____ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information.

permanent

If a researcher activates information in participants' minds and the activation helps participants remember new information more efficiently later, we would say that the researcher used _____, a type of implicit memory, to improve participant performance.

priming

The type of implicit memory that involves the memory for skills is referred to as BLANK memory.

procedural

In terms of how we engage with information we are trying to remember, the continuum from shallow, to intermediate, to deep, where deeper levels produce better memory, is called levels of BLANK .

processing

Jason is actively trying to remember his teammates' names, so he writes down the numbers from their jerseys and the position they play on the team, along with the first letter of their names. He is using the numbers as Blank______ cues to help his memory for the names of his teammates.

retrieval

Which of the following is the memory process by which information held in memory is brought out of storage?

retrieval

A(n) (schema/stimulus) is a preexisting mental framework that helps people to organize and interpret information.

schema

Five-year-old Emmie loves to play "dentist's office." She knows the whole routine: go to the office, pretend to read a magazine, then get called into the office and sit in the dentist's chair. This describes _____, which is a schema for an event.

script

BLANK memory holds information from the world in its original form for only an instant, not much longer than the brief time it is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses.

sensory

The BLANK position effect refers to the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list better than the items in the middle.

serial

ou are driving down the highway and see a billboard with a phone number on it. You tell yourself to remember it, but after you drive a little farther, you find you've forgotten it. This describes the limitations of BLANK - BLANK memory.

short-term

Information must be encoded and BLANK in order to be retrieved later.

stored

Explicit memory is

the conscious recollection of specific facts about an event or situation.