Chapter 6 Section 3&4

What was Jones' famous quote when he was asked to surrender to the British?

"I have not yet begun to fight" - John Paul Jones- 1779

Help from Spain allowed George Rogers Clark to defeat the British at Kaskaskia, Cahokia and Vincennes. What did Spain do to help win these battles?-

-Bernardo de Galvez loaned money opened the port of New Orleans to free trade. -Bernardo de Galvez had tons of supplies and ammunition shipped up the Mississippi River to American troops in the Northwest Territory

When did George Rogers Clark and his troops regain the fort at Vincennes?

February 1779

Who was one successful guerrilla leader for the Patriots? Why was he called the "swamp fox?"

Francis Marion Was quick and smart, operated out of the swamps of eastern South Carolina. (S.C)

George Washington was in New York in 1780-1781 waiting to attack there, he soon decided to change plans and move south. What French naval commander was heading to Chesapeake Bay, instead of heading to New York?

Francois de Grasse

After the British surrendered, Washington headquartered his troops in Newburgh, New York. What did Congress refuse to do for the soldiers? What was this called?

Fund the soldier's pensions and failed to provide them with other pay The Newburgh Conspiracy

General Henry Clinton returned to New York and who did he leave in charge?

General Charles Cornwallis

What British general sent troops to Savannah, Georgia and then later marched himself to the South in 1780?

General Henry Clinton

What American general was sent to face Cornwallis and the British in August of 1780?

General Horatio Gates

This Lt. Col. from Virginia wanted to end British attacks, what was his name?

George Rogers Clark

What hit and run technique of battle caught the British off guard?

Guerilla Warfare (Guerilla- little war)

Were the warships successful in helping the Patriots to win the war? Why or why not?

No- Only 2 made it out to sea, rest were captured by the British

Did the Loyalists in the South help the British as much as they had hoped?

No- received less help

Was it difficult to find people to sail on these ships? Why or why not?

No- was a profitable trade, (Got paid A LOT) Privateers captured more British ships at sea than the American Army

The Battle of Yorktown was devastating to the British troops. On what date did General Cornwallis surrender his troops to General Washington at Yorktown?-

October 19th 1781

The Americans and the British sent delegates to what European city to work out a treaty?-

Paris, France

What was a privateer?

Privately owned merchant ships with weapons

John Paul Jones was a brave American naval officer. What did he do that was so daring?

Raided British ports

After the war had truly ended, George Washington resigned as commander of the army. What was the date of his retirement from the army?

Remain and live quietly with his family

Who ordered the construction of 13 American warships?

SCC (Second Continental Congress)

Even though the British had surrendered some troops at Yorktown, the war was not over. What cities did the British still hold?

Savannah, Charleston, New York

In September 1779, John Paul Jones's ship Bonhomme Richard met a British warship and they battled for hours. What was the name of the British ship?

Serapis

What and who did the French ships carry?-

Soldiers commanded by Comte de Rochambeau and supplies/aid

Where did the British and Native Americans raid American settlements?

Southwestern New York and northern Pennsylvania

List the reasons the Americans won the war. There are several reasons, know them all.

► The Patriots were able to fight on their own land, the British had to bring troops and supplies from thousands of miles away. ► The British were very dependent on the sea and when the French blocked their way, they lost a valuable resource. ► Guerrilla Warfare - the Patriots knew the land better than the British. ► The French - the supplies, soldiers and monetary loans helped the Patriots win the war. ► The Spanish - their help in the gulf region was huge. ► The determination of the people to live freely was the biggest factor in the victory.

What caused General Cornwallis to abandon the Carolina campaign?

-Knew the French were coming -Knew they were running out of time -Winning some battles, but losing others -Realized they had to do something -So they left the Carolinas

Why did he set up camp there?

-Was located on the coast, so he could get support

In what Virginia town did Cornwallis set up camp?

-Yorktown, Virginia

How many American and French troops had Cornwallis's troops trapped?-

14,000 troops total

Who did Congress authorize to sail on the seas?

2,000 privateers

The idea of a country fighting for its freedom from a colonial power not only inspired Patriots to fight for America, it also inspired people in other countries to fight for their freedom as well. List the other countries that were inspired to fight for their freedom.

A. France B. Haiti

Did the American navy operate effectively?

American navy was too weak to operate effectively

The British army formed a blockade to prevent supplies and reinforcement from getting to the Continental Army. What is a blockade?

Blockade: An area cut off by armies or warships to prevent anything from coming in or out.

The victory at Yorktown, convinced the British that pursuing the war would be too costly. What made it too costly, in your opinion?

British lost most support and money; Hessians were fighting for money but Americans were fighting for something and getting paid very little

Where did the worst American defeat of the war take place?

Charles Town, South Carolina (Charleston)

Why did George Washington keep his plan a secret?

He wanted Clinton to think the Patriots still planned to attack the British in New York.

Who was the British commander that was forced to surrender at Vincennes?

Henry Hamilton (Hair buyer)

What British commander at Detroit, was nicknamed the "hair buyer" and how did he get this name?

Henry Hamilton; Paid Native American's for settler's scalps

In July 1778, they captured a British post in Kaskaskia, this is in present-day _______

Illinois

They then captured Vincennes, which is present-day ______

Indiana.

Name the Mohawk chief who led brutal attacks.

Joseph Brant

How did Francois de Grasse's fleet help the Americans at Yorktown?

Kept Cornwallis from escaping by sea

In July 1781, Comte de Rochambeau moved his troops from Newport, RI to New York to join General Washington. They what did both men do with their armies?

Met up and moved south

Why did the British decide to change strategies and concentrate their war effort in the South?-

More loyalists lived there = more support

General Washington moved south, where did General Clinton keep his British troops?-

New York

In July 1780, French warships finally arrived to assist near what New England city?

Newport, Rhode Island

Nathaniel Greene became the commander of the Continental forces in the South in October 1780. What strategy did he use to defeat the British at Cowpens, SC?

Spilt the army into two groups and came around both sides of the British Army

How did this victory affect the American position in the West?

Strengthened the American Position; We had troops there then

Many Native American tribes sided with the British. Why did they choose to ally (take sides) themselves with the British?

Thought Patriots would take up their land Felt like the British would be less of a threat (British was the lesser of two evils)

What misfortune happened shortly after the arrival of the ships and what was the outcome?-

Trapped by British Soldiers

What was the name of the final treaty to end the Revolutionary War? When was the treaty signed?

Treaty of Paris September 3rd, 1783

What 2 things did the Americans agree to do for the British?

Would return land to loyalists British merchants could collect debts that Americans owed to them

Where were General Cornwallis's British troops camped in 1780-1781?

Yorktown, VA

Name the 3 delegates sent to work on the treaty.

a. Benjamin Franklin b. John Adams c. John Jay

What 4 groups on land and naval fleet all converged (came together) on Yorktown?

a. Lafayette's troops b. Washington's troops c. Rochambeau's American-French army d. de Grasse's French fleet (came in by boat)

What 3 things did the British agree to do for the Americans when the treaty was signed?

a. Recognized the United States as an independent nation b. Withdraw all British troops from American territory c. Give Americans the right to fish in the waters off the coast of Canada