Chapter 6 Skin

What is one important function for melanin?

absorb harmful radiation

The presence of _____ is an indication of being in the hypodermis.

adipose

What is the medical term for male pattern baldness?

androgenic alopecia

The epidermal ridges or fingerprints are probably caused by the ____.

dermal papillae

A group of cells that surrounds the developing hair is called the _____.

follicle

The stratum basale is also called the stratum _____.

germinativum

A _____ is a procedure that uses skin from a deceased person to treat a burned area.

homograft

Meissner corpuscles respond to a stimulus of _____.

light touch

Adipose tissue is most abundant in the ________________ layer of the skin.

subcutaneous

Sweat glands can also be called _____ glands.

sudoriferous

Which of these phrases does not characterize the dermis? A) conical dermal papillae B) thinner in areas receiving greater friction and use C) loss of elasticity with age and sun exposure D) muscle and nerve fibers

thinner in areas receiving greater friction and use

The color of red hair is due to _____.

trichosiderin

The following relate to sebaceous glands except which one? A) produce sebum B) are associated with hair follicles C) provide waterproofing D) use merocrine methods

use merocrine methods

The term goose bumps is directly related to which structures?

arrector pili

Goose bumps in the skin are caused by contraction of the _____ in response to cold or emotions.

arrector pili muscles

Calluses are thickened areas that are formed in response to a/an _____.

increase in friction pressure

Mesothelium is a term that refers to _____ membranes.

serous

Which type of membrane is found around the abdominal organs?

serous

Choose the response that the body employs to raise body temperature only when the others listed have failed. A) constricted skin blood vessels B) sweat glands inactivated C) slight skeletal muscle contraction D) shivering

shivering

Melanocytes lie within the _________________ of the skin.

stratum basale and upper dermis

Hairs arise from which layer of the skin?

stratum basale of the epidermis

The protective dead layer of cells of the outer epidermis is called the _______________.

stratum corneum

Where is the greatest amount of keratin found?

stratum corneum

Which term does not belong with the others? A) basal cells B) stratum corneum C) stratum germinativum D) germinal layer

stratum corneum

Unlike the other major membranes of the body, _______________ membranes lack an epithelial layer.

synovial

Which type of membrane is comprised of only connective tissue?

synovial

The functions of the skin include all of these except __________________. A) taking in nutrients B) preventing the entry of microorganisms C) retarding water loss D) regulating body temperature

taking in nutrients

What actually controls and maintains body temperature?

the hypothalamus

What is the main factor in preserving body heat?

the presence of adipose

The strength of the dermis would mainly be due to _____.

the presence of collagen fibers

What is the major factor that protects skin from the damaging effects of sunlight?

the presence of melanin

Which statement is true about tans and tanning? A) Sunning for the purpose of tanning produces healthier skin. B) A tan indicates sun damage to the skin. C) Tans last even if the skin is not exposed to the sun for months. D) Tanning promotes skin with a more youthful appearance.

A tan indicates sun damage to the skin.

The _____ structures are associated with detecting deep pressure within the skin.

Pacinian corpuscles

The following belong together except which one? A) acne vulgaris B) alopecia C) comedones D) pustules

alopecia

A(n) _________________ is the transplanting of one's own skin from an unburned region of the body to a burned area.

autograft

The pigment producing melanocytes are found in the _____ layer.

basale

The youngest cells would be found in the stratum _____.

basale

The _____ separates the epidermis from the dermis.

basement membrane

The pigment _____ found in vegetables can impart a yellow or orange color to the skin.

carotene

The yellowish color of some person's skin is due to _____.

carotene

Heat loss occurs from the body by each of these methods except __________________.

cellular respiration

Modified sweat glands, called __________________ glands, secrete wax in the ear canal.

ceruminous

The greatest source of body heat is through _____.

contraction of skeletal muscle

The skin is called the _____ membrane.

cutaneous

Cells that surround melanocytes may contain more melanin than the melanocytes because of the process of _____.

cytocrine secretion

The subcutaneous layer can also be referred to as the _____.

hypodermis

Most of the sensory fibers and structures are located in the _____ region.

dermis

It is the body's __________________ glands that respond to higher body temperature and release water to the skin surface.

eccrine

Hair and fingernails are derived from the _____ cells.

epidermal

Which term does not belong with the others? A) epidermis B) dermis C) cutaneous membrane D) subcutaneous region

epidermis

Within the skin, a basement membrane can be found separating the ________________ and the __________________.

epidermis; dermis

Skin cancer most likely arises from which type cells?

epithelial cells

The main tissue in the dermis is _____.

loose connective tissue

The _____ is the thick white area of the nail that reflects the rapid growth of the cells below it.

lunula

The most active growing region of the nails is the _____.

lunula

Within nails, the most rapidly dividing cells can be found in the __________________.

lunula

The darkness of hair is due mainly due to _____.

melanin concentration

Which membrane can be comprised of the most diverse types of epithelial and connective tissues?

mucous

The following terms belong together except which one? A) bedsore B) necrosis C) decubitus ulcer D) pressure ulcer

necrosis

Cyanosis usually is the result of a reduction in _____.

oxygen levels

The following are functions of the skin except which one? A) protects joints B) prevents water loss C) reduces the chance of infection D) protects against harmful chemicals

protects joints

The major loss of heat through the skin is by _____.

radiation

The part of the hair below the surface of the skin is called the _____.

root

The part of the hair from the surface into the dermis is the _____.

root