Chapter 6 State of Consciousness

Steps of Hypnosis

1. Distractions are minimized; Person is made comfortable 2. Telling person to concentrate on something specific 3. Telling person what to expect in hypnotic state, such as relax 4. Suggest certain events or feelings he or she knows will occur or observes occurring

Sleep Stages

1.Sleep is characterized by theta waves 2. theta waves continue but are interspecies of stage 2 sleep: sleep Spindles 3 and 4. Characterized by delta waves the slowest and highest amplitudes brain waves during sleep

Individuals Variations in Hypnosis

65% Moderately, 15% highly, 10% not at all

Circadian Rhythms

A daily behavioral or psychological cycle, such as the sleep wake cycle

Hypnosis

An altered state of consciousness or simply a psychological state of altered attention and expectation, in which the individuals is unusually receptive to suggestion

Consciousness of the Brain

Awareness of external events and internal sensations, including awareness of the self and thoughts about ones experience; this awareness occurs under a condition of arousal

Negative aspects of our thoughts

Being alone in thought can be very stressful, as when we are thinking about all the things we have to accomplish in a day

Why we need sleep

Benefits include restoration, adaption, growth and memory

Sleep Stage

Correspond to massive electro physiological changes that occur throughout the brain as the fast, irregular, and low-amplitude electrical activity of wakefulness is replaced by slow, regular, high- amplitude waves of deep sleep

Addiction

Describe either a physical or psychological dependence or both on drugs

Sleep Cycling through out the night

During a nights sleep, we go through several cycles. Depth of sleep decreases and REM sleep increases as it progresses

Divided state of Consciousness

Ernest Hilgard proposed that Hypnosis involved a special divided state of consciousness, split consciousness one followers commands another acts as "hidden Observer"

Levels of Consciousness

Flow of sensation, images, thoughts and feelings that William James spoke of can occur at different levels of awareness

No Awareness

Freud's belief that some unconscious thoughts are to Laden with anxiety and other negative emotions for consciousness to admit them

Lower level of Consciousness (Automatic Processes)

Includes automatic processing that requires little attention, as well as day dreaming

Sleep Apnea

Individuals stop breathing because the wind pipe fails to open

Higher Levels of Consciousness

Involves controlled processing, in which individuals actively focus their efforts on attaining a goal; the most alerts state of consciousness

The Meditative state of mind

Makes you feel as if everything is going to work out. To get to this state you must be in a very quite room, sitting upright, chin in chest and arms in lap closing your eyes and focusing in your breathing

Subconscious Awareness

Occurring when people are awake, as well as when they are sleeping and dreaming

Narcoleptic

Overpowering urged to sleep

Biological Rhythms and Sleep

Periodic psychological fluctuation in the body

Depressants

Psychoactive drug that slows down mental and physical activity

REM Sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep; stages 5 of sleep, in which dreaming occurs

Uses of Psychoactive Drugs

Reduces tension, Relieves boredom, fatigue, and in some cases helps people to escape from the harsh realities of the world

Resetting the Biological Clock

Spend as much time out in the daylight it increases wakefullness

Sleep and disease

Strokes and Asama attacks are more common during sleep, change in hormones, heart rate and other characteristics associated with sleep

Psychological Dependence

Strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons, such as feeling of well-being

Psychoactive Drugs

Substances that act on the nervous system to alter consciousness, modify perception, and change mood

Physical Dependence

The psychological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and physical pain

Subconscious Cognitive Processing (Cognitive Theory of Dreaming)

Theory proposing that dreaming can be understood by applying the same cognitive concepts that are used in studying the walking mind

Finding Logic in Random Brain Activity

Theory stating that dreaming occurs when th cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain

Applications of hypnosis

Treatment of alcoholism, somnambulism, suicidal tendencies, post traumatic stress disorder, migraines, and most often over eating and smoking

Positive aspects of our thoughts

When doing Yoga you constrained on your thoughts and problems and they all fade away

The effects of Chronic Sleep Deprivation

You will begin to have hallucinations, speech and movement problems

Night Terrors

a sleep disorder that causes sudden arousal from sleep and intense fear happen due to rapid heart beat and breathing, loud screaming, heavy perspiration, and movement

Insomnia

a sleep disorder that is common, falling asleep, waking up during the night or to early 1 in 5 Americans have this

Nightmare

a sleep disorder when a scary dream awakens sleeper from REM sleep

Altered States of Consciousness

can be produced by drugs, trauma, fatigue, possibly hypnosis, and sensory deprivation

Tolerance

continued usage will require increasing amounts of intake to achieve same effects

Social Cognitive Behavior

hypnosis is highly alerted state of consciousness, normal state of consciousness, normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should

Dreams

imbued dreams with historical, personal, and religious significance

Hypnosis and will

individuals being hypnotized surrender their responsibilities to hypnotist

The nature of hypnosis

not a sleep state, are aware of what is happening and remember the experience later unless they are instructed to forget it

Opiates

psychoactive drug Opium and its derivatives; they depress the central nervous system activity

Alcohol

psychoactive drug acts as primary depressant and slows down brain activity

Barbiturates

psychoactive drug decreases the activity of the central nervous system

Stimulants

psychoactive drug increase the central nervous systems activity

Tranquilizers

psychoactive drug that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation

Sleep walking and talking

sleep disorder that occurs during the deepest stage of sleep, sleep talkers will converse with you and make fairly coherent statements

Desynchronizing the Biological Clock

throwing of a regular schedule creates irregulation into sleep

Sleep and the Brain

with age humans need more sleep

Sleep Deprivation in adolescents and older adults

young children can completely change sleep patterns also health compromising and behavior can change, 40-50 year olds may go to bed early and wake up early