Chapter 7 A&P Nervous System

Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?

Breathing

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.

Broca's Area

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________.

Diencephalon (Interbrain)

An action potential is caused by an influx of ________ ions into the cell.

Sodium

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.

Stroke or CVA

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

Sympathetic Divison

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.

Synaptic Cleft

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the sensory cortex?

Thalamus

Know the major regions of the brain

frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe : Cerebral hemisphere, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

pituitary gland

Know the correct, basic sequence of events of a nerve impulse

1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

31 Pairs

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.

Brain Stem

Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Decrease heart rate

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

Frontal Lobe

Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with ________.

Hand Movement or Claw hands

Which of the neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Oligodendrocytes

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.

Pia

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

Postcentral Gyrus

During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?

Sodium Ions

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?

Sodium ions

Ganglia are collections of ________.

cell bodies: collections of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord that are associated with efferent fibers

What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?

create neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS).

What best describes bipolar neurons?

nerve cell from the spinal ganglion of the pike; are specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of special senses.

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?

when it is not transmitting any signal, with respect to its immediate surrounding is called resting potential. Generally the value of resting potential is -70mV

Nerve impulses carried from the CNS to muscles or glands are called:

Afferent Neurons

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes

All or non response

Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?

Alzheimer's Disease

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the

Axon

What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles?

Axon Terminal

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

CNS & PNS

What brain dysfunction results when the blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?

CVA (stroke)

Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?

Calcium

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.

Central Canal

What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?

Cerebral Palsy

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.

Corpus Callosum

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________.

Meninges

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

Ependymal Cells

How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?

Multipolar

Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ________.

Myelinated

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.

Neuroglia

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called

Nodes of Ranvier

The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain.

Tight

What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Vagues Nerves

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter

White;Grey

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

Interneurons

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?

Potassium

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________.

Proprioceptors

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________.

Saltatory conduction/Nuerons

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann Cells